Such accusations were voiced by the Russian Ministry of Defense and Russian Ambassador to the UN Vasylii Nebenzia, as well as written by Russian media and anonymous social media channels. It is not true.

UN spokesman Martin Griffiths confirmed that on the night of October 29, at the time of the attack, there were no ships in the humanitarian grain corridor. Russia accuses Ukraine of using a humanitarian corridor for drone attacks without providing any evidence. The Ukrainian side did not claim responsibility for the incident, although it did not unambiguously deny involvement in the attack.

On July 22, through the mediation of the UN and Turkey, Ukraine and Russia signed an agreement under which a safe maritime corridor was agreed between three Ukrainian ports and Turkish territorial waters. To control the implementation of the agreement, a Joint Coordination Center (JCC) was established in Istanbul, which, in turn, includes four groups of 8 inspectors. Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the UN each provided two inspectors. Monitoring groups check all ships that enter Turkish waters along the corridor from Ukraine. Empty ships returned to Ukraine are also checked to prevent the transport of weapons or unauthorized goods to Ukraine by ships and the illegal transportation of people. On November 02, four days after withdrawing from the agreement, Russia rejoined the agreement.

Russia, long before the attack of the fleet in Sevastopol, was preparing to withdraw from the grain deal. The attempt to block the grain corridor is a part of Putin's plan for a new phase of the war to deplete Ukraine.

A screenshot of the alleged cover of the weekly Ananda Vikatan featured Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi and British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak for the first time on a pro-Russian telegram channel in English called Donbass Devushka. The picture was further spread by Georgian, Russian and pro-Russian English-speaking users on social networks.

In the picture Zelenskyi is trying to cover the black swastika with an orange one, decorated with dots, to hide the connection with Nazism. The words are attributed to him in translation in Tamil: “Well, what kind of Nazis are we? We are just fans of Indian culture!”. This cover is fake.

Analysts of the Myth Detector project found that the covers of Ananda Vitakan mostly featured local celebrities, and in 2022 there was no cartoon on the covers of the magazine, Zelenskyi and Sunak did not appear on any of the covers.

The release date on the fake cover is October 31st. But the magazine is weekly and its last two issues were from November 02 and October 26.

Each magazine has its own issue number and an inscription under the name of the magazine in Tamil "edition No. ... in Tamil", and on the fake cover it says "special edition".

With this fake, Russian propagandists are trying to convey to a foreign audience that Ukrainians are supposedly hidden Nazis. The so-called denazification in Russia was used as an excuse to attack Ukraine.

Russian media disseminated such information with reference to a fake letter allegedly from Health Minister Viktor Liashko to Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal.

They say that Ukraine was in dire need of donor blood, so it required it from NATO member countries. After the "canned blood" seemed to have arrived in Ukraine, they decided to selectively test it and found the causative agents of almost all possible infectious diseases.

The fact that the letter from the minister is fake is evidenced by its form; it does not meet the requirements for official documents in Ukraine.

The ministry said that during the entire period of the war, Ukraine has never turned to foreign partners for donated blood or its components.

Since the first day of the war, the Ukrainians have held the “donor front” securely on their own. If there is an urgent need in the blood centers, people actively respond to requests and close such needs within a few hours.

Ukraine does not conduct random checks of blood and its components. Any donated blood or its components always and without exception undergo laboratory tests.

A video with the same title is circulating online. Its author is allegedly the European Security & Defense College, an EU body that provides training in the field of general security. The video says that the EU will allegedly be forced to stop the reform of "green" energy, since the funds provided will be used to restore Ukraine; it will pay for assistance to Ukraine from NATO at the expense of state medical programs, fight the growing Ukrainian corruption.

It is not true.

According to the Center for Countering Disinformation, European Security & Defense College is not the author of this video. Also the claims that are circulating in the video are false. Ukraine's accession to NATO and accession to the EU are not interrelated processes. NATO includes not only EU countries. Therefore, the authors of the video manipulate causal relationships.

The Center emphasizes that all information, even the one published by allegedly well-known Western institutions, requires careful verification.

Russian information resources and social networks are circulating reports that Ukraine is allegedly going to sign a bill on the association of Poland and the Lviv region. The messages allegedly quote Volodymyr Zelenskyi saying that “Poland will come to Ukrainian land not as an occupier, but as a brother and ally” and that “it doesn’t matter who formally is the host of the land, what matters is the well-being and prosperity of the people living on it” . It is not true.

There is no draft law on the association of Poland and the Lviv oblast. Zelenskyi's quote was also made up. At the same time, there is a law in Ukraine that establishes the rights and guarantees for Polish citizens who are on the territory of Ukraine. The law was developed in gratitude to the Polish people for their solidarity and support for Ukraine in the face of a full-scale Russian invasion.

In Russian telegram channels and social networks, a picture is being distributed that depicts 3D graffiti with Volodymyr Zelenskyi. Allegedly, it was committed on one of the central streets of the Polish capital. The caption is added to the picture: “They found “a black hole” named after Zelenskyi in Warsaw”. This picture is fake.

To create a fake, they used an old photo for repairs at the intersection of Złota and John Paul II streets in Warsaw. According to Ukrinform, residents of the district have not seen such graffiti. Local authorities did not receive any signals from residents about its appearance. Ukrinform also received a photo with a real view of the intersection, taken on the evening of November 4.

The source of the fake was the telegram channel of the Russian TV channel. This image appeared there on November 3rd. Further, for distribution, they used a small telegram channel “11 lipca (July 11), which is in Polish. It was created on July 2, 2022, on the eve of the annual celebration in Poland of the anniversary of the Volyn tragedy on July 11. From there, the fake was spread by telegram channels of Russian propagandists. Also, the picture was distributed by pro-Russian Twitter users to the English-speaking audience.

Such information is spread by pro-Russian anonymous telegrams. Allegedly, the declassification of passwords from Zaluzhnyi’s Instagram account is a continuation of the leak of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine by the Office of the President and personally by Andrii Yermak.

Valerii Zaluzhnyi's Instagram is not related to his professional activities, there are only children and family photos. Therefore, to call it the “Zaluzhnyi’s leak”, firstly, is incorrect.

Secondly, there is a war in Ukraine, the office of the president and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine work as a team, there are no misunderstandings between them. This was confirmed by Volodymyr Zelenskyi.

Thirdly, Russian propagandists have been trying to qet Zelenskyi and Zaluzhnyi to “quarrel” almost since the beginning of the war. In August, the Security Service of Ukraine discovered a million bot farm that was spreading fakes about Zaluzhnyi's alleged conflict with the President's Office.

Russian resources wrote about this, distributing a video of a group of men with covered faces and weapons and a blue and yellow flag.

In the video, one of the men declares that he is in favor of "our homeland becoming truly independent from politicians who are destroying their population at the behest of the West". Allegedly, “the blood of the defenders of the fatherland is on their hands”, therefore, all representatives of the authorities, whose actions are directed against the interests of the citizens of Ukraine, must be killed.

Different media wrote a different source: some said that it appeared in the Western media, others claimed it appeared on the net.

StopFake did not find any such publication in reputable international media, except for posts on social networks and publications on the Reddit website. The source of the video was the Teoría del Heartland telegram channel which regularly spreads fake Russian propaganda. The statement of the author of the publication that the number of dissatisfied with “Zelenskyi’s anti-people policy” is allegedly growing among the military is also untrue as 82% of Ukrainians trust the President of Ukraine. Also, 51% of Ukrainians believe that things in the country are in the right direction. Before Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine this figure was half that.

Russian propagandists spread such fakes in order to persuade Ukrainians and foreigners to think that they need to meet Putin halfway and force Zelensky to capitulate. The blood of Ukrainian defenders is exclusively on the hands of Putin and Russia. And it is Russia that has to be punished for the war in Ukraine.

This information is spread by Russian propaganda after large-scale rocket attacks on Ukraine on October 31. Reports say the missile (which entered Moldovan airspace) was launched by Ukraine, ostensibly to thwart a Russian drone attack on the Dnister hydroelectric power station, located 25 km from the Moldovan border. However, this is not true.

According to the fact checker StopFake, referring to the data of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Moldova, it was a Russian missile that fell in the north of the country, and not a drone or some kind of Ukrainian projectile. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova stressed that the Russians attacked the Dnister hydroelectric power station on the territory of Ukraine, which is located just 10 kilometers from the Moldovan Naslavchansk hydroelectric power station. As a result of the professional actions of the Ukrainian military, the attack was repulsed, and the Russian missile was shot down, but its fragments caught several houses in the Moldovan Neslavchi.

According to the fact-checkers, for the first time since the start of a large-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia caused physical damage to a third state with its aggression.

This is not the first time that a Russian missile has been fixed in Moldovan airspace. For example, on October 10, during a massive air attack on Ukrainian cities, three Russian missiles also violated Moldovan airspace.

In the Russian-language segment of social networks, a picture of a seemingly special issue of Charlie Hebdo magazine dedicated to Ukraine is being distributed. In the picture there is a geotag label with the inscription Kyiv on a black field and a signature in a bubble as in comics “So we have crossed over to the dark side of the force”.

The inscription refers to the inscription on President Zelenskyi's T-shirt, where was a call from Star Wars “Come to the Dark Side”, where the first letter in the word Dark was replaced by U, so that the slogan suggested going over to the side of UA.

In fact, Charlie Hebdo did not create such a cover, and this is easy to verify: the fake cover shows the release date and number: October 21, 2022, No. 1579. The magazine with this number came out on October 26, and its cover is dedicated to the far-right French politician Zemmour (and the Russian flag sticking out of the anus of a politician). The next issue came out on November 2, and it features Musk about to "fire the truth" on Twitter, giving the floor to former US President Donald Trump. But the picture of Kyiv in the dark was spread by dozens of Russian telegram channels with more than a hundred thousand subscribers.

This is not the first time that Russian propaganda has created fake Charlie Hebdo covers to convince the audience that Ukraine, its president and the suffering people are constantly laughed at in Europe. The editors even issued a special explanation, where they called the fakes of poor quality and promised to continue to fight Putin's madness.

A fake is spreading in the Ukrainian segment of social networks that dozens of small explosive devices have been found in Lviv that can tear off a person’s limb. One of these pictures was shared almost 65,000 times.

In fact, as fact-checkers from StopFake write, no explosive devices were found in Lviv, this information was provided to journalists upon request by the Lviv police. It is interesting that the photo with the same subject is also distributed by Russian local media, in particular in Rostov. Most likely in the photo it is a broken electronic disposable cigarette without a case.

The Russian media are massively spreading information that Congressman Jamie Raskin allegedly called for the destruction of Russia because it is an Orthodox country with traditional values. And this is fake. Although it was not the Russian media that came up with it, but the American ones.

The fact that Raskin calls for a religious war against Russia, Orthodoxy and its traditional values, was said on the air of the FoxNews channel by host Tucker Carlson. And it was he who lied, since he is known for his commitment to Russia and has repeatedly disseminated manipulative theses. Here is the full text of Raskin's statement, but in short it sounds like this: Russia is the world center of corruption, totalitarianism, anti-feminism and violations of LGBT rights. At the same time, Ukraine is a democratic country that upholds the ideas of tolerance, human rights and freedoms. Therefore, it is clear to anyone, Democrat or Republican, why America should support Ukraine and do everything so that Russia loses this war.

The Russian edition of RIA Novosti published an article entitled “Food is running out in Europe. It is Russia, of course, to blame”, which says that a food crisis will soon come in Europe. This is a common thesis of Russian disinformation, which has several modifications and waves of distribution. The last one is that the “famine” in Europe, predicted back in March, did not happen, and now it is being postponed until the next year, 2023.

In any case, there will be food in Europe but it will rise in price due to general inflation and fuel prices, and the range of goods may also be reduced due to the destruction of logistics. And Russia is really to blame for both, waging war against Ukraine that is a supplier of many types of agricultural crops, and the sanctions that Europe was forced to impose on Russia because of its invasion.

But Russian propaganda insists that politicians who did not want to get cheap gas from Russia will be to blame for the imaginary famine in Europe, although there will be no famine in Europe. But in the poorer countries of Asia and Africa it may happen. And that is why Russian propaganda constantly downplays this threat and generally invents a famine in Europe in order to shift the responsibility from Russia for the food crisis to other states.

They write about it on social networks. Like, Sunak believes that because of the "severe economic crisis" the UK can no longer provide assistance to Ukraine. It seems that he said that he was freezing the foreign aid budget for 2 years. This is not true.

Indeed, on the day of his appointment as prime minister, Sunak promised to "lead the country out of a deep economic crisis and restore confidence in politics". In his speech, he spoke about the recession of the UK economy and did not mention anything about cuts in funds or assistance to Ukraine. According to Logically's fact-checkers, on October 25, the prime minister's office issued a press release stating that Rishi Sunak had a conversation with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi. Sunak stressed the UK's unwavering support for Ukraine.

“It is an honor for me to communicate with the President of Ukraine this evening. Both he and the Ukrainian people can count on the continued solidarity and support of Great Britain. We will always be with Ukraine”, Sunak wrote on Twitter.

Russian propaganda is trying to react to the surrounding events and adjusts the disinformation work to the new conditions. In particular, after the appointment of Liz Truss as the prime minister, they wrote that she was incompetent and her policy was Russophobia. They also wrote that the UK is preparing for a military coup.

Belarusian media write about this and distribute a video on social networks, which allegedly shows columns of German self-propelled mortars moving towards the border. Allegedly, Polish soldiers are helping the Lithuanians. Also, allegedly, the Lithuanian military had identification marks in the form of red ribbons. This is manipulation. According to the Lithuanian fact-checkers of the Delfi project, in fact, this video was filmed at the international Iron Wolf 2022-II exercises, which began on October 17. In total, 3,500 military personnel and 700 pieces of equipment were involved in the training. Such exercises are held annually in spring and autumn for the Iron Wolf mechanized infantry brigade and its battalions. The purpose of the exercises is to work out the combat coherence not only of the Lithuanian troops, but also of partners from other NATO countries. Russia and Belarus systematically spread fake news that NATO countries are aggressive and dangerous. The propagandists claimed that the goal of the West was to blow up the economic potentials of Russia and Belarus and worsen the quality of life of citizens, and also convinced that the Russian army, with the support of Belarus, could “take” Kyiv in two or three months.

 Such information appeared in the pro-Kremlin media. Messages began to spread after Volodymyr Putin in his "Valdai speech" said that Ukraine was creating a "dirty bomb" and Russia even knew "roughly where this is being done". Propagandists claim that Kyiv, on the basis of the projectile of the Tochka-U missile system, made a dummy of the Iskander missile for a provocation with a dirty bomb over the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant. Like, the layout was made by Pivdenmash specialists, and the main cassette part of the dummy is pushed with radioactive material, and then shot down in the Chernobyl area in order to shock the world and accuse Russia of using nuclear weapons. However, this is not true. According to The Insider's fact-checkers, the so-called mock-up shown by the Russian media is fake. “Despite the similar outlines, Tochka-U and Iskander missiles have different sizes. The diameter of the Iskander is 920 mm, and the Tochka-U is 650 mm, almost one and a half times smaller. It is impossible to create a model of the Iskander based on Tochka-U, except perhaps a smaller copy, which is unlikely to convince international experts. And the scenario in which a rocket allegedly launched by Russian troops with a radioactive filling explodes over the Chornobyl exclusion zone, that is, a practically deserted territory where the harm done to Ukraine will be minimal, does not look very plausible,” the fact checkers write. This is not the first time Russia has claimed that Ukraine is going to use a dirty nuclear bomb to blame Russia for it. Read more about this in the text of Hala Skliarevska.

A cartoon with the same name is distributed on social networks. It seems to show what is really happening in Ukraine. In the story, Volodymyr Zelenskyi becomes a puppet of Western rulers and launches an attack on the Donbas. The animated video was allegedly produced by the Barracudas agency, positioned as a “French independent studio”. It is fake. There is no information on the web about the so-called Barracudas studio, its creation or work, except for one cartoon about “Nazi Ukraine”. The studio does not have pages or channels on Facebook, Instagram or YouTube. At the same time, the video upload date on many platforms is the same - August 14-15. As VoxCheck fact-checkers note, this may indicate forced distribution from fake accounts. Fact-checkers of the Delfi project from Latvia noticed that the style of the Stop nazi games cartoon resembles the work of the Armenian animator David Sahakyants, who created the Kill Dim cartoon series two years ago. This is a political satire about Azerbaijan, which is portrayed as a puppet of Turkey and a threat to the security of Armenia. The cartoons use very similar artistic and visual imagery. For example, the dolls of Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and Volodymyr Zelenskyi are put on the arm. Later, in both cartoons, these puppets press a button with the inscription “war”, and tanks leave for Armenia and the Donbas. The cartoon "Stop Nazi Games" promotes the key narratives of Russian disinformation about Ukraine: that Ukraine is a Nazi country that started a "civil war" against its own population in the Donbas. Previously, propagandists distributed anti-Ukrainian cartoons created by a Russian woman from Sochi, with comments that allegedly it was made by Israel.

It seems to have become known that a minute after the explosions on the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines, Liz Truss, the former Prime Minister of Great Britain, wrote a message to Anthony Blinken, the US Secretary of State, using her personal iPhone. "It's done", she seems to have written. This, they write in the Russian media, proves that Nord Stream was blown up by the British at the request of the United States. RFA News, for example, points to Reddit as the source of this news - a huge American forum, on which, among other things, there are discussion branches where only chatbots communicate.

Other media cite an even more dubious source, a man named Kim Dotkom. He considers himself an entrepreneur, but the police of three countries at once consider him a criminal. He is wanted by the US on charges of copyright infringement, money laundering, racketeering and fraud using electronic means of communication. He was also arrested in Germany and Thailand for hacking, spying and selling stolen phone numbers. He now lives in New Zealand, where the courts have already decided to give him up at the request of the United States, but he is trying to cancel the extradition in court.

This man is known not only for accusations, but also for strange statements, including pro-Russian ones. Yes, he believes that former US President Barack Obama conspired with Hollywood to accuse him of copyright infringement. He also wrote that the war in Ukraine was provoked by the United States, and even complained about "censorship" after the RT ban in the United States. Now it was he who wrote that Liz Truss wrote "done" after the Nord Stream bombing. Both Dotcom and the Russian media are trying to back up these fanciful claims with material from the Daily Mail, a British newspaper that reported on October 29, citing its own sources, that Truss's phone was broken by hackers and accessed to her personal correspondence from last year. The publication reported that hackers working for the Kremlin were involved in the break. The phone was broken so seriously that it was forced to be placed in a special protective safe - and the Truss herself had to change the device and phone number.

Russian propaganda provides all these details to prove that Truss did not have access to confidential information. The only thing missing from the propaganda is that British intelligence agencies discovered that Truss's phone had been hacked when she was Foreign Secretary in Johnson's government. That is, in the summer of 2022. After that, the phone was taken from her, the information was classified, and Truss began to prepare for the elections - and won. And the gas pipelines exploded on September 28. At that moment, Truss’s broken phone had been in a safe for several months - and it’s hard to imagine that someone would give it to her so that she would write an important message to the US State Department that would compromise both her and the government

Russian media and pro-Russian social media accounts are circulating videos with the Euronews logo and a similar style of English subtitles. The story says that supposedly the auction house Bolland & Marotz is holding an auction where participants will be able to purchase Dostoievskyi's letters, Chaikovskyi's handwritten notes, a series of Vrubel's sketches and other exhibits. Moreover, after the sale, all these exhibits will allegedly be destroyed, because Russia has discredited itself in the war with Ukraine. So the destruction of the Russian cultural heritage is a logical consequence. It is not true.

According to the Georgian fact-checkers of the MythDetector project, the story spread on behalf of Euronews is fictitious. The video is modified with computer software, the media did not prepare such a story. Auction house Bolland & Marotz also denied the organization of such an auction. The company also said that the idea of ​​such an event is contrary to internal policy.

The Russian media spread this information. The Russians assured that the book was published in Barcelona, ​​the capital of Catalonia. This action also hints at Catalonia's desire to separate from Spain through referendums. It isn't true.

Stopfake analysts found that the Russians distributed a map from a sixth-grade geography textbook, not published in Spain, but by the Ministry of Public Education of Mexico and published in 2016. The original map shows that Ukraine is depicted within the boundaries of 1991. In Russia, an ordinary map was edited with the help of a photo editor for propaganda purposes. Russian propagandists try to convince that the EU allegedly recognized the territories temporarily occupied by Russia.

In fact, the EU didn't recognize the so-called referendum. In response to the annexation of the Kherson Region, Donetsk Region, Luhansk Region, and Zaporizhzhia Region EU introduced sanctions for its organization.

Such information is spreading on social networks. The rockets allegedly flew from Belarus. This information was denied by the head of the Volyn regional military administration, Yuriy Pogulayko.

Today, October 31, everything was calm in the region during the morning air alert. With such reports, Russian propagandists are trying to frighten the population.

Because today the Russians launched missile strikes almost all over Ukraine, it is essential not to panic, remain calm, and be in a shelter in case of an alarm.

Anonymous Telegram channels controlled by the FSB write about this. With this "provocation," they will allegedly try to strengthen the anti-Russian rhetoric that it is Russia that provokes hunger in developing countries.

Russia is a terrorist country that blackmails the world with hunger. It slowed down the grain corridor for weeks before blocking it, noted President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

According to him, Russia is the only one to blame because food products will become more expensive from West Africa to East Asia. Russia is the reason why people in Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia are left with catastrophic food shortages.

The Russian leadership is interested in exacerbating the food crisis, so it will do everything not to sign any agreements and not to unblock the grain corridor.

The fake about the sinking of one of the grain ships is probably a signal that the Russians already have such a plan. Propagandists work to preemptively shift responsibility for their crime onto someone else in advance.

Pro-Kremlin Telegram channels distributed a fragment of the video with this caption. In fact, Russian propagandists dispersed their crimes online. Ex-commander of the "Azov" regiment Maksym Zhorin published in a telegram a video from the mass grave, which he took from the phone of the Russian occupier.

"Look carefully at the executioners. It's clear to everyone that the Russian military carried out this execution of ordinary civilians in the occupied city. The full video is now with the investigation. Russian soldiers will be identified. There will be payback!" he wrote. Russian propagandists took from Zhorin's telegram those fragments of the video. It doesn't show who is killing people, but Russian propaganda spread it, as allegedly "Azovians" killed people in Kupyansk.

Shifting responsibility for one's war crimes is a typical tactic of Russian propaganda. After mass graves with hundreds of tortured people were discovered in Bucha, Izyum, and Lyman, liberated from the Russians, propagandists launch fakes as if it isn't their fault every time.

The Russians have recently used all sorts of methods to "prove" that the Ukrainian army during the counterattack is "clearing" areas of "civilians who lived under occupation." Thus, they also want to cause distrust in the Ukrainian military, particularly the "Azovs," who have long turned into neo-Nazi horror films in Russian fakes. They want to sow fear among people before the liberation of the occupied territory.

This news was written by the Finnish publication Yle concerning an interview with the senior commissioner of the National Bureau of Investigation (Keskusrikospoliisi), Christer Algren.

The journalist claimed that the official was talking about the availability of data in the criminal police of Finland regarding the probability of weapons intended for the Ukrainian military getting to criminal groups in this country.

The material states that this firearm is already in Finland and was allegedly found in other Scandinavian countries. The Ministry of Internal Affairs believes that there is a reason to believe that the information presented in the article "was a little made up by the journalist and didn't coincide with the words of the police representative who was interviewed."

Moreover, representatives of law enforcement agencies from other countries confirmed the lack of information about a similar channel for illegally transferring weapons from Ukraine. The Finnish commissioner, in this interview, says that the investigation is ongoing and doesn't cite any evidence, only speculation.

However, based on his words, the publication spreads the Russian narrative that the weapons provided by international partners to the Ukrainian military end up with criminals in Europe.

Propagandists regularly throw such theses into social media to sow distrust in the Ukrainian army at the international level and reduce or even stop the support of Western partners.

Such messages are spreading on social networks. It`s fake.

"Ukrenergo" is the transmission system operator and does not work with consumers; therefore, it doesn't notify when each consumer or small settlement is disconnected. Accordingly, "Ukrenergo" didn't create applications for electricity consumers.

"Ukrenergo" dispatchers only have information about the power system's general consumption level and each power node. Only operators of distribution systems (Oblenergo) have information about the consumption of individual consumers or settlements. They are the ones who disconnect consumers according to the parameters provided by Ukrenergo. So, during crises, Ukrainians should trust only official sources of information.

Throughout power outages, this source is Oblenergo. Only Oblenergo can draw up any schedules of consumer restrictions and information about them or where exactly this information can be found. Oblenergo can report the outage through an announcement on the website, in the consumer's account, or their chatbots in Telegram or Viber.