The Russian propaganda media spread this thesis. Reports say that the USA will soon be fighting Russia on the side of Ukraine. The authors of the texts refer to the words of the former head of the American CIA, David Petraeus, that the West may intervene in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

Such an opinion was allegedly expressed by Petraeus in an article on The American Conservative website by Douglas McGregor, a former adviser to the US Secretary of Defense. But it's manipulation. In fact, the USA and NATO have repeatedly emphasized that they won't take a direct part in Russia's war against Ukraine since Ukraine isn't a member of NATO.

The assumption of former CIA director David Petraeus about the participation of other countries in the war on the side of Ukraine isn't based on the official statements of NATO countries and the USA in particular. According to the StopFake fact-checkers, Petraeus said this could only happen if Russia took "shocking and terrifying" escalation steps. However, in this statement, there wasn't a single word about the fact that the Armed Forces are in a critical state. By spreading such messages, Russian propaganda again tries to show that Russia in Ukraine is fighting not with Ukraine but with Western states and associations.

The Russian media report it concerning the Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokeswoman, Maria Zakharova. The report of the Commission of the UN Human Rights Council, dedicated to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, "confirms Russia's assessment of the political involvement and lack of independence of this UN mechanism. Zakharova also noted that "experts didn't even try to give the document's objectivity and balance." It isn't true.

Russia manipulates explicitly the data of the October report of the UN Commission, which provides the results of investigations into the events in Kyiv, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, and Sumy regions in February-March 2022. At first, the Russian media wrote that the UN supposedly "finally recognized Ukraine's war crimes." A few days after the release of the report, Russia changed its rhetoric and accused the Organization of "bias," "involvement," and "lack of independence." As StopFake writes, the report was compiled by a group of independent investigators from different countries. The Commission reported that they adhered to the principles of independence, impartiality, objectivity, and conscientiousness in their work. Moreover, it is separately emphasized that the Commission considered allegations of violations of the alleged responsible person or entity regardless of the person or nationality. So, the investigators did not demonstrate any "bias."

After conducting interviews with the victims, the investigation methodology emphasizes that the Commission verified information from primary and secondary sources. Such sources were the materials of various government bodies from many countries, UN funds and programs, civil society organizations, and the media. The Commission also emphasized that it interacts with the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court and other international and national subjects in every possible way. This investigation is collective and can't be considered "one-sided," as the Kremlin claims. Ukraine provided all the necessary data to the Commission's requests, but Russia ignored the UN's calls for cooperation. That is why the Kremlin's claims about the report's "political involvement" are misinformed because Russia, not the UN Commission, refused to take any part in the investigation.

In the Georgian and Russian segments of social networks, pictures allegedly showed the results of a survey of the French regarding the "escalation of relations with Russia" being distributed. The opinions of the French on whether it is worth supplying weapons to Ukraine in the future were divided: 23.3% supported Ukraine, while 76.7% gave a negative answer to this question. It is not true.

In fact, the results of the vote were shared on Twitter when the question was discussed on the TV show. According to MythDetector fact-checkers, any social network user could participate in the vote.

So the survey results represent the opinion of social network users, not the French. In fact, according to various studies, the attitude of the French population to the supply of weapons to Ukraine is different. According to a survey by the "Institute of French Public Opinion" (Ifop), 60% of French people support the supply of arms to Ukraine, and two-thirds support economic sanctions against Russia. The survey also showed that 6 out of 10 French people support Ukraine's accession to the European Union. Russian propaganda systematically manipulates "public opinion" to create the impression that citizens of other countries don't support Ukraine.

Earlier, propagandists wrote that the Austrians were allegedly demanding an end to support for Ukraine, and the Germans were less and less supportive of anti-Russian sanctions. Also, over 3 billion people reportedly abstained from voting on Russia's occupation of Ukrainian territories.

The Russian media wrote about it. Israel refuses to transfer any weapons to Ukraine precisely because of these reasons. Such words are attributed to the former prime minister of Israel, the leader of the opposition, Benjamin Netanyahu. The opposition leader, Benjamin Netanyahu, interviewed the American TV channel MSNBC, in which there was a discussion about Russia's war against Ukraine and the situation with Iran, which helps Russia with weapons.

To the question, "Should Israel do more to support Ukraine?" Netanyahu replied that his country has a reasonable policy in this sense. He didn't say anything about Ukraine stealing or reselling weapons to someone. Netanyahu also didn't say that this is the reason for the refusal to supply arms to Ukraine. "When it comes to weapons, there is always the possibility, it has happened repeatedly, that the weapons that we supply to one battlefield will end up in the hands of the Iranians and be used against us," Netanyahu said. Russian propagandists distorted the words of the Israeli leader.

Russia has repeatedly tried to accuse Ukraine of selling weapons received from Western partners on the black market, but these "facts" turned out to be faked. Propagandists throw such theses into the information space to cause distrust of the Ukrainian army at the international level and reduce or even stop, the support of Western partners. More details.

The report of the commission of the UN Human Rights Council, dedicated to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, mentions numerous violations of international law by Ukraine.

The Stop Fake fact-checkers noted that the report has 17 pages describing Russian crimes against Ukrainians. Among dozens of facts of torture, executions, and violence by the Russian occupiers against civilians in Ukraine, the document records two cases of Ukraine's mistreatment of Russian soldiers. The pro-Kremlin media ignored the main conclusion of international experts, who put the responsibility for numerous tortures, violence, and murders in Ukraine on the Russian armed forces.

Propagandists regularly resort to manipulations of this kind, where they single out the Ukrainian army's minor violations during the war, thus glossing over hundreds of terrible crimes and atrocities against the civilian population of the Russian military. They try to forget the war crimes committed by Russian soldiers or, in the last resort, assign them to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The Russian mass media publish news with headlines from which it follows that "Putin's ideas" are becoming increasingly popular in the West. Moreover, they cite Putin's words from September 30, in which he talked about the "breakdown of Western hegemony" and "the inadmissibility of the third sex."

In fact, as StopFake pointed out, the Russian news regarding the article in The Washington Post titled "Leaders of democracies increasingly follow Putin in gravitating toward authoritarianism." So the article, of course, is not about Putin's crazy ideas about the "third sex," which are becoming increasingly popular in the West. The article states that rapid changes, social stratification, and new technologies have made the world so complex that people look for simple answers. First, they listen to the opinions of right-wing populist, authoritarian leaders who pretend to be "strong and tough guys." The article mentions Donald Trump, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, among others. The analytical article points out that a new wave of right-wing populists came to power, taking advantage of the difficult economic situation which Putin himself arranged. Instead, it isn't about Putin's fabrications regarding historical "claims" and "geopolitical calculations."

Pro-Russian Telegram channels write about this. The European Union allegedly extended sanctions to the Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions. With such actions, the European Union allegedly recognized these territories as Russian. It is manipulation. In fact, on October 6, 2022, the European Union agreed to the eighth package of sanctions against Russia, including sanctions against legal entities and individuals involved in pseudo-referendums in the temporarily occupied territories. Sanctions previously imposed on the temporarily occupied territories of Luhansk and Donetsk regions were also extended to the temporarily occupied Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions: a ban on the import of goods from these regions; restrictions on trade and investment; ban on providing tourist services; freezing of assets of persons who are on sanction lists; prohibition of entry for these persons to the territory of the EU, etc. The European Union condemns the occupation of Ukrainian territories and doesn't recognize pseudo-referendums' results. Moreover, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe recognized the Russian regime as a terrorist.

Russian propaganda systematically manipulates facts and passes off wishful information as facts. They previously claimed that over 3 billion people allegedly abstained from voting on Russia's occupation of Ukrainian territories. More details.

Russian media spread such reports, allegedly quoting the commander of the Joint Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Serhii Nayev. Serhii Nayev allegedly believes that with the joint efforts of Russia and Belarus, it will take no more than two to three months to "capture" Kyiv. It is manipulation.

In fact, Serhii Nayev spoke about the situation on the border with Belarus on the air of the national telethon. He noted that the accumulation of Russian equipment and troops together with the armed forces of Belarus indicates the possibility of a repeated attack on Kyiv. Nayev added that the Ukrainian military constantly monitors the level of this threat, and appropriate countermeasures are taken. According to Nayev, Ukraine is now ready for a possible attack from Belarus. Russian propaganda distorted the commander's words of the Joint Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine about a potential threat and gave the desired information as facts. The fact-checkers of the StopFake project drew attention to the manipulation. Russian propaganda uses the possible joining of the Belarusian army in hostilities as a tactic to lure Ukrainians.

During the massive rocket attacks on October 10, Russian propaganda spread fakes that simultaneously with the rocket attacks on the cities of Ukraine, an offensive from Belarus and along the entire front line began. Propagandists also claim that Ukraine is trying in every possible way to draw Belarus into the war.

The Russian media spread this forecast concerning the head of the Russian Gazprom, Oleksiy Miller. Speaking at the Russian Energy Week forum, Miller said that Gazprom predicts an abnormally cold winter for the heating period. It is manipulation.

According to the Center for Combating Disinformation, Gazprom doesn't have a meteorological service, so they couldn't make their forecast of a freezing winter in Europe. Scientists also believe that long-term weather forecasts aren't reliable. It is impossible to say precisely what the weather will be like in a few weeks, as all long-term forecasts are based on probabilistic formulations. That is, it is possible to talk only about a certain probability of a cold winter and not to assert that this will be the case.

As the cold season approaches, Russia's energy blackmail of Europe is gaining momentum. However, it is mainly based on Russian manipulation and outright intimidation.

Propagandists also manipulate the topic of finding alternative sources of energy in Europe. In particular, propaganda spreads information that the Germans allegedly cut down almost all the trees in Berlin's central park for firewood. Europe supposedly has to rely only on Russian gas, and its underground storages are empty.

The Russian media write that the Ukrainians are allegedly powerless against Russian high-precision weapons, so we invent "victories." The reports say that allegedly at the weapons exhibition in Poltava, the tour guide said that the X-55 cruise missile can be neutralized with the help of a shout. Then it will seem to explode in the air. "If a cruise missile flew towards you, you didn't scream well," Russian media write. However, it is manipulation. The Russian media reports that the weapons exhibition is a project of Ukrainian artists. In fact, there were no real weapons in the exhibits.

As Suspilne writes, the "Decontamination" project aims to allow visitors to overcome their fear and artists to film the consequences of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. 3D models of the destroyed equipment were created to implement this idea, which can be seen using virtual reality glasses.

Among other things, models of sugar tanks and a model of a nine-story building in Borodyanka were presented at the exhibition. One of the exhibits was a real-sized model of the Kh-55 missile. According to the idea of ​​the authors, its flight can be leveled with the help of a strong sound. A person shouts at this rocket, and it stops working and explodes at best. It was this explanation that propagandists used to create "news."

In this way, propagandists try to present Ukrainians as inferior, hide the true effectiveness of the Ukrainian air defense system, and make fun of rockets hitting the civilian population.

Such messages are spread in pro-Russian Telegram channels. While voting for the UN General Assembly Resolution, 3 billion people allegedly abstained from voting to condemn the illegal actions of Russia and the occupation of Ukrainian territories. It is manipulation.

In fact, the UN General Assembly condemned the pseudo-referendums that Russia organized in the temporarily occupied Ukrainian territories. The resolution was supported by 149 out of 193 members of the General Assembly, five countries voted against it, and another 35 countries abstained from voting. Propagandists are manipulating this choice of 35 countries. In fact, representatives of countries show not so much the will of the people as the ruling party's position in the state vote at the meetings of the General Assembly. Each UN member state has its interests first and foremost. Before voting, the representatives of the UN member states do not conduct any survey among the population. So only 35 countries abstained from voting. Their total population is more than 3 billion, but this doesn't affect anything. Fact-checkers of the Zaporizhzhia Investigation Center drew attention to the manipulation.

Russian propaganda systematically resorts to manipulations to pass off what is desired as real facts.

Pro-Kremlin bloggers write about this in Telegram channels concerning EU High Representative Josep Borrell. In his statements, he confirmed that the EU countries wouldn't allegedly strike back in the same way if there was a nuclear attack on Ukraine. Therefore, according to propagandists, such words are the so-called permission for Russia to use nuclear weapons. Propagandists take quotes out of context and don't emphasize that; in fact, Josep Borrell said that the response of Ukraine's partners would destroy the Russian army if there were a nuclear attack.

"Any attack against Ukraine will find a response, not a nuclear response, but one so powerful that, from a military point of view, the Russian army will be annihilated, and Putin won't need to bluff," said Josep Borrell.

He emphasized that the European Union and its member states, the United States and NATO, don't bluff but are determined to "demonstrate full determination."

Since the beginning of the full-scale war against Ukraine, Russia has resorted to nuclear blackmail to stop international support for Ukraine and to induce Ukraine to negotiate on the Kremlin's terms. One of the functions of such messages is intimidation. If Russia's demands aren't met, Russia will allegedly strike. This time, the nuclear messages appeared against the background of defeats of the Russian army on the front lines. By spreading the message that Russia was allegedly allowed to carry out a nuclear attack on Ukraine, the propaganda seeks to discredit those countries and associations that support Ukraine in the fight against Russia. Propagandists create the appearance of so-called impunity for Russia, as if it can do whatever it wants with Ukraine without punishment.

The self-proclaimed president of Belarus, Oleksandr Lukashenko, told the American TV channel NBC about it. Volodymyr Zelenskyy is allegedly not independent and could sit at the negotiating table, provided that the USA and Great Britain understand this necessity.

This thesis is spread by anonymous Telegram channels controlled by the FSB. For example, propagandists cite billionaire Elon Musk's refusal to pay for Starlink services in Ukraine, allegedly because he was offended by the words of Ambassador Andrii Melnyk, who advised him to "go to hell."

Detector Media found out whether it is true that Elon Musk refused to pay for Starlink services in Ukraine because of an insult to Ukrainians. According to CNN, the letter to the Pentagon with a notification about the refusal of Starlink funding was sent in September. So, it was before the appearance of Elon Musk's proposals regarding the "peace plan" of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which he published on Twitter on October 3, and before the harsh reaction of Ukrainians to his advice.

In this way, propagandists try to show that Ukrainians are ungrateful, so it isn't worth helping them.

It is reported by pro-Russian Telegram channels and resources concerning an article by the German publication BILD.

Journalists of the publication allegedly exposed and refuted "fake Ukrainian propaganda about "torture house" and "golden teeth" in the village of Pisky-Radkivski, Kharkiv region." It is manipulation.

There is no refutation of the information about torture camps for residents in the territory of the village of Pisky-Radkivski in the Kharkiv region in the BILD materials.

On the contrary, the BILD article confirms this fact. As StopFake notes, the question arose only about the container with the removed dentures, photos of which were published along with other evidence. The materials state that the local dentist recognized his box of dentures.

But this fact does not deny the authenticity of other tools for torture, as well as the existence of the "Kativen" themselves in the territory of the village. BILD journalists write: "One thing can be said for sure: in the village - as in many other places occupied by Russia - brutal torture was used." Residents said that they constantly heard cries for help from various buildings.

The article also includes the testimonies of victims of Russian torture. Russian propaganda tries to justify the crimes of the Russian army and deliberately manipulates information.

In anticipation of the events, they claimed that the Ukrainian authorities were preparing for a fake "Buchi-2" in the direction of Kharkiv and were convinced that the exhumation of bodies in the places of mass burials in Izyum was a desecration of the remains of the dead. 

This information was spread by Russian publications concerning the American magazine Newsweek. Allegedly, the military doesn`t agree with US President Joe Biden on deterring Russia exclusively by non-nuclear means. He said that the American military believed that it would be necessary to "hit the Russians with a hammer" and prepare "a blow to kill Putin in the heart of the Kremlin."

Russian propagandists took the quotes out of context. In fact, the Newsweek article said that “Biden believes non-nuclear threats will stop Putin. His military doesn't think so." It refers to a disagreement over the role of American nuclear weapons and the most effective way to deter Vladimir Putin. The article points out that Washington "told the Russians at a very high level that there would be catastrophic consequences for Russia if they used nuclear weapons in Ukraine."

Moreover, their unprecedented threats are just a reaction to Putin's equally unprecedented speech about a nuclear strike. Russian propagandists spread the thesis that the USA is preparing a nuclear attack on Russia and the assassination of Putin to justify any decisions of Putin and the crimes of the Russian army on the territory of Ukraine, allegedly for protection. More details.

Such a message is spread by the Russian media against the backdrop of a recent statement by the Chairman of the Council of Federations Valentyna Matvienko, who called on the Ukrainian delegation to immediate negotiations. The reports refer to Putin's speeches where he said that it was Ukraine that allegedly unleashed a war back in 2014, began to wage hostilities against itself, and subsequently refused to sit down at the negotiating table. However, then and now it is a lie.

According to StopFake fact-checkers, after the so-called "referenda" on September 28, Volodymyr Zelenskyi said that the occupation of Ukrainian territories made negotiations with Putin impossible. On September 30, the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine “On the actions of Ukraine in response to the attempt of the Russian Federation to annex the territories of our state in order to ensure the security of the Euro-Atlantic space, Ukraine and restore its territorial integrity” came into force. The document fixes the impossibility of negotiating with the current Russian president, but not with Russia.

In the spring of 2022, a series of Ukrainian-Russian negotiations took place to end the war. At the suggestion of the Ukrainian side, Russia continued to demand the surrender of Ukraine. Over the summer, Zelenskyi once again stressed that he was open to direct talks with President Putin “if we are ready to seriously discuss,” Zelensky said on June 7. The appeal said that Ukraine was ready to discuss the return of the territories. The Kremlin avoided negotiations under various pretexts.

After the successful counter-offensive of the Ukrainian army in the east and south of the country, the Kremlin's rhetoric has changed: now Russia has demanded peace talks. However, the words were not backed up by actions: at the end of September, Russia held illegal pseudo-referendums in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, the results of which were not recognized by any democratic country in the world.

Russian and Ukrainian mass media spread the news that the head of the Federation Council Valentyna Matviyenko "called the Ukrainian delegation to immediate negotiations."

She made this statement at the G20 Heads of Parliament Summit in Indonesia. Ukrainian mass media reported on Matviyenko's statement concerning a brief report by Russian Interfax.

However, in the Telegram channel of the Federation Council, the press service distributed extensive quotes from Matviyenko's speech during the meeting and communication with journalists after it. It is clear from these messages that Matviyenko didn`t offer any negotiations.

Firstly, she called for "the settlement of the internal Ukrainian crisis", although there is no Ukrainian crisis, instead, there is Russia's war against Ukraine. Secondly, she said that "the status of the new four subjects of Russia" couldn`t be discussed, that is, the occupied parts of Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Luhansk, and Kherson regions.

Finally, she declared that Russia was "ready to stop further hostilities, but on the terms that Russia would offer." So Matviyenko doesn`t actually offer any negotiations - it is an ultimatum. All these statements are needed only to tell in the news of the First Channel that "the curators of the West don`t allow the Ukrainian parliamentarians to achieve peace", forbidding them to negotiate.

The Russian mass media spread the news that the Ukrainian military fired on the "UN mission" in Sievierodonetsk with HIMARS. It is manipulation.

According to StopFake, the UN mission hasn`t been working in the city for more than 7 months. The day after the shelling, it was reported in the headquarters of the General Staff that on September 30, the Armed Forces hit 6 command posts of the Russians.

Now it is not known what exactly is in the former building of the UN mission, but fact-checkers found a video in which military equipment of the occupiers is standing near the building in which the UN mission was located until March 2022.

This may be one of the confirmations that the command post was located in the building. Russian propagandists spread headlines about the "shelling of the office of the UN mission" to promote the message that the Ukrainian military shells civilian objects.

The Kremlin media reports this regarding collaborator Volodymyr Rogov. Ukraine allegedly blocked entry to the "liberated" part of the Zaporizhzhia region, so now residents can`t leave the territory controlled by Kyiv. People are allegedly not being released for various imaginary reasons and are being threatened. It is not so.

In fact, entry is blocked from both sides. The head of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Military Administration Oleksandr Starukh explained that the entrance to the temporarily occupied part of the region was closed after the Russian military fired on a humanitarian convoy in Zaporizhzhia. A safer algorithm for the passage of vehicles to occupied territories is currently being developed. Serhii Haidai, the head of the Luhansk Regional State Administration, announced the closure of exits to the temporarily occupied territories through Zaporizhzhia due to the tragedy with the humanitarian convoy.

The information that the occupiers don`t allow Ukrainians to leave the temporarily occupied territories of the region is also confirmed by the local mass media. Now, to leave the occupation, the Russian military requires filling out applications, which must contain all personal data, copies of documents, information about the location at the time of departure, etc.

So the Ukrainian authorities have restricted entry for the safety of citizens, but instead, the occupiers are blocking passage to obtain personal information. Earlier, propagandists spread fakes about the fact that the Armed Forces of Ukraine fired upon refugee columns in Zaporizhzhia and Kharkiv Region. And they also manipulated that Russia would "consult with the population" of the temporarily occupied Zaporizhzhia region regarding determining "borders". More details.

Russian media write about this. The majority of Austrians allegedly want their country to maintain neutrality.

Allegedly, for this, it is necessary to stop helping Kyiv and lift sanctions from Russia. The motivation for such statements was allegedly added by an article in the Austrian edition of Express with an open letter of invitation. 47,000 Austrians have already signed it. It is not so.

According to the fact-checkers of The Insider project, the letter published in Express contains pro-Russian rhetoric. Apart from the total number of signatories, there is no other information that could be used to claim that the letter was signed by Austrians. The letter doesn`t include names or pseudo-users, so there is no evidence that these are people and not bots. Anyone from any country can register and vote, as the site does not verify at least the email address. The population of Austria is about 9 million, so even 47 thousand signatories are only 0.5%, not the majority, as agitprop claims.

The author of the "blogger and entrepreneur" initiative is Gerald Markel. He blogs about politics on Telegram. During the coronavirus pandemic, he spread fakes about the alleged sudden death from vaccination, which he called fascism, and compared the government's policy to 1938. Markel also supports Vladimir Putin's policy.

Russian media write about this. The reports refer to the materials of the German publication Der Tagesspiegel, which published the article based on information from its sources. This is manipulation.

StopFake's fake checkers found an article referenced by Russian media. It was published on September 27 in Der Tagesspiegel Background in the Energy and Climate section. This is the author's column of the journalist Jakob Schlandt, hidden from free viewing through personal registration.

In fact, the author considers the possible involvement of both Russia and Ukraine in the damage to the gas pipeline. However, the author of the article calls the accusations against Ukraine "speculations that can`t be substantiated in any way." Russia, in his opinion, has more reasons to carry out such an attack, since blackmail around energy carriers has been ongoing on the part of Russia for several months. The author also notes that the level of gas in Germany's storage facilities continues to rise steadily, even though the gas pipeline has been down for four weeks. According to the Federal Agency for Network Technologies, the current level of occupancy of German gas storage facilities is about 91%.

According to CNN, on September 26 and 27, European security officials observed Russian Navy support ships and Russian submarines near the leak sites in the Nord Stream pipeline.

Two Western intelligence officers and another source familiar with the issue gave the newspaper this information. So far, the involvement of the ships in the explosions on the gas pipeline has not been established, investigators are studying the evidence.

The Russian media manipulates the statements in Der Tagesspiegel Background, deliberately suppresses information about alleged sabotage by Russia, and focuses only on Ukraine.

Earlier, Russian propagandists said that the US was supposedly "behind the explosions" on the Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines.

Russian media and pro-Russian Telegram channels write it regarding the press secretary of the President of Russia Dmytro Peskov.

They said that there is no final decision on the extent to which the region will be "joined" to Russia, so the opinion of the residents will be asked. It is manipulation.

Before the illegal pseudo-referendums, the collaborator Rogov said that the Zaporizhzhia region would "join" Russia within the current administrative borders. Moreover, the Russian media deliberately coined the term "territories occupied by Kyiv", which is a technology for replacing concepts. Carrying out the so-called "expression of will" in violation of legal norms and "under the muzzles of machine guns" shows that Russia is not interested in what the residents of the temporarily occupied territories want. The situation at the front changes daily, so propagandists manipulate and leave room for an information retreat.

There can be no question of "joining" the temporarily occupied territories to Russia. According to the Constitution of Ukraine, the decision on territorial integrity is made exclusively by the citizens of Ukraine in an all-Ukrainian referendum.

Russian propaganda tries in every way to justify the occupation of Ukrainian territories. To do this, they create the illusion of support for their actions by the residents of the occupied territories. They previously wrote that the turnout for the pseudo-referendum in the temporarily occupied part of the Zaporizhzhia region "exceeded 50%." Foreign "observers" also allegedly confirmed the "transparency" of Russian pseudo-referendums in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine.

Thus, pro-Kremlin media reports that on October 1, the Armed Forces of Ukraine officially took control of the city of Lyman, where the Russian occupiers managed to hold a fake referendum on joining Russia. CNN journalists allegedly refuted Kyiv's statement about the encirclement of the Russian army by Ukrainian troops in Lyman.

CNN journalists did write in the article that they arrived in Lyman 30 minutes after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that Lyman was completely cleared of Russian troops. "On Sunday, there are no signs of the presence of Russian troops at all - a few damaged Russian tanks, or dead Russians, or Russian prisoners. There were few traces of the encirclement," the CNN website says.

Battles for Lyman continued from September 5. On September 30, Serhii Cherevatyy, the spokesman of the Eastern Group of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, announced the completion of the encirclement of Russian troops in the Lyman.

On October 1, Serhii Cherevatyy confirmed that the Armed Forces entered Lyman. However, battles with the enemy are still ongoing in the city.

Cherevatyu noted that Lyman's release is necessary to:

• continue the successful Kharkiv operation;

• capture an important area that opens the way for the liberation of the Ukrainian Donbas, in particular, directions to Svatove, Sievierodonetsk, Kreminna, etc.

The Russian Ministry of Defense also announced the withdrawal of troops from the Lyman and explained the loss of the Lyman allegedly by "withdrawing to more remote frontiers." On Sunday, October 2, the city was completely cleaned from invaders. Deputy Minister of Defense of Ukraine Hanna Malyar reported that the occupiers tried to break through and lost personnel and hundreds of pieces of equipment. At the same time, pro-Kremlin anonymous Telegram channels condemn the retreating Russian military and demand that the prosecutor's office deal with the commanders for not fulfilling the requirements of the Combat Statute of the Russian Armed Forces. Therefore, we can assume that the Russian army, realizing that it would be surrounded by our troops, did not withdraw "to more profitable borders", but fled in an organized manner from the Ukrainian city of Lyman.

he Italian newspaper "La Repubblica" wrote about it, referring to the NATO intelligence report. The information was picked up by other foreign and some Ukrainian media. The Center for Combating Disinformation stated that it is not true.

According to the monitoring of the CPD:

As of October 3, 2022, such information has not been published on the NATO website.

NATO has regularly recorded the activity of Russian submarines since the Cold War. The Alliance made statements about the modernization of navigation systems and armament of Russian submarines as early as 2016. The Center emphasizes that such unsubstantiated statements by the media only increase Russia's information terrorism. Even Russian propagandists, who willingly spread the news about the training of strategic nuclear forces, this time cautiously quoted the newspaper "La Repubblica" and believe that the probability of the actual use of such weapons is quite small.