Russian and Belarusian propaganda resources are disseminating information in a coordinated manner on social networks, trying to present the Ukrainian Armed Forces as using the “human shield” tactics in the Kursk region. These accusations are based on the statements of an unnamed Russian soldier without any confirmation. This means that it is not true. This is what the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security writes.

The “human shield” message is typical of the Russian army, which has repeatedly used civilians in the occupied territories as cover since 2014. For example, in December 2023, the Ukrainian prosecutor's office opened a criminal case on the use of Ukrainian prisoners as a “human shield” in the Zaporizhzhia region. This is another attempt by Russian propaganda to shift the blame for its crimes to the Ukrainian side.

The purpose of disseminating disinformation about the alleged use of civilians in the Kursk region by the Ukrainian military as a “human shield” is to discredit the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the international arena and to increase hostility towards Ukraine among the Russian population and its presence in Ukraine to shift attention to the numerous war crimes committed by Russian troops, accusing the Ukrainian side of such crimes.

Below is an extended refutation of the theses voiced by the Russian President. Volodymyr Putin took part in the so-called Dokuchaiev Conference in Rostov-on-Don and declared the importance of solving environmental problems “in Donbas and Novorosiia”. In his statement, he and other representatives of the Russian authorities accused Ukraine of the environmental decline of the region, trying to blame it for the situation. However, the statements of Putin and representatives of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources do not correspond to reality and serve as a tool for manipulation aimed at justifying Russian aggression.

One of the main theses of Russian propagandists is the accusation that Ukraine is worsening the environmental situation in the region, even to the point of so-called “ecocide”. However, in reality, the main destruction of the environment in the temporarily occupied territories began in 2014 after the Russian occupation of part of the territory. The region has been under Russian occupation for more than 8 years. The main environmental damage occurs due to uncontrolled activities and violation of the rules of warfare by Russia.

The destruction of industrial facilities, mines, water supply and drainage infrastructure caused by shelling and illegal exploitation of resources has significantly worsened the state of the environment. Flooding of mines and damage to water supply systems lead to the ingress of toxic substances into the soil and water. For example, the lack of control over mines forced to stop operations due to military actions contributed to the contamination of water bodies with toxic substances, including heavy metals, which creates a significant danger to public health and the environment.

Today, Russia is trying to use the “ecocide” thesis as a justification for its actions, viewing it as a pretext for intervention and subsequent occupation. These statements are aimed at an international audience to create an image of Russia as the “savior” of the region’s ecosystems, while in fact it is the main factor in the ecological decline. It is Russia’s military aggression, in particular the deployment of heavy weapons in the temporarily occupied territories and the conduct of intensive military operations, that has led to serious destruction of the ecosystem, including the pollution of soil and water.

Events such as the Dokuchaiev Conference are aimed at creating the illusion of Russia's active participation in the restoration and protection of the environment in the region. However, the real facts indicate the opposite. The purpose of these statements is to demonstrate Russia's peacekeeping position and its readiness to help the newly annexed territories at the international level. In fact, despite all the statements about the “environmental humanitarian mission”, Russia does not implement real measures to improve the environmental condition of these territories, in particular, it does not ensure effective waste management, does not restore forests and water resources, but focuses on the exploitation of natural resources.

The accusation that Ukraine has not carried out environmental activities for decades is manipulative and unfounded. Before the war in 2014, Ukraine carried out environmental projects in Donbas aimed at cleaning water, restoring forests and developing environmental infrastructure. Now, unfortunately, Ukraine cannot carry out environmental activities in the temporarily occupied territories due to security threats from Russian occupation forces.

By spreading such messages, Russia is trying to shift the world community’s attention away from the fact that it is the source of environmental problems in the region due to its military actions and exploitation of resources in the occupied territories. Propaganda statements are aimed at creating an image of Russia as a defender of the environment, supporting its actions in the eyes of the world community and justifying the occupation of new territories. The presentation of Ukraine as a state that has neglected environmental issues in the temporarily occupied territories is aimed at discrediting Ukraine in order to reduce the level of support from other states and international organizations. Russia is trying to use environmental problems as a pretext for establishing control over the occupied territories, justifying its military and political influence by the alleged need to restore the ecosystem.

In the run-up to the second round of the presidential elections in Moldova, local pro-Russian Telegram channels distributed a video by Oleksii Arestovych, in which he says that if Moldovan citizens do not vote for Maia Sandu, “the Ukrainian army will come to Moldova with war”. Local propaganda Telegram channels interpreted this video in such a way that Kyiv is allegedly threatening Moldovan citizens and, accordingly, interfering in the elections.

In fact, the words of Oleksii Arestovych do not reflect the official position of the Ukrainian government, because today he is not its representative . On January 17, 2023, he was dismissed from the post of adviser to the Office of the President of Ukraine. This was preceded by a statement by MP Tetiana Tsyba with an appeal to the head of the OPU Andrii Yermak with a request to dismiss Arestovych after his statements that the tragedy of January 14, 2023 in Dnipro allegedly occurred due to the shooting down of a Russian missile by the air defense systems of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In addition, at the same time, the MPs collectively appealed to the SBU, accusing Arestovych of treason.

After all, Ukraine respects international law and the territorial integrity of Moldova, and both countries have the status of candidates for membership in the European Union, so Arestovych’s statement about the Ukrainian army’s invasion of this neighboring country is also unfounded.

On November 1, 2024, the US Department of Defense announced another security assistance package for Ukraine worth $425 million. It included ammunition for HIMARS, NASAMS, and artillery systems.

In response to this, Russian telegram channels began writing that, given the allegedly colossal losses of specialists in the Ukrainian Armed Forces and the reduction in the training periods for Ukrainian military personnel, it is becoming clear that NATO personnel are sitting at the control panels of this military equipment. Therefore, as the propagandists claim, the appearance of North Korean military personnel in the Russian-Ukrainian war is natural, and this should not be surprising.

By reporting on “NATO members” controlling Western military equipment, propagandists are trying to feed the narrative of Russia’s alleged war against the entire NATO bloc, and not just against Ukraine. That Ukraine is allegedly just a puppet in the hands of “NATO masters”, and that “NATO bases and troops” are located on its territory.

In addition, in this way, propagandists try to justify the involvement of North Korean troops in the war. They say that NATO members are fighting on the side of Ukraine, and accordingly, soldiers from the DPRK can allegedly fight for Russia.

On October 29, the Russian FSB announced that a group of foreign mercenaries of the Ukrainian Armed Forces had allegedly been “liquidated” in the Briansk region. At the same time, the saboteurs were allegedly found to have a Canadian flag and a prayer book in Polish. However, this incident raises many questions. In particular, Kremlin political scientists claim that Russia is thus looking for grounds to involve North Korean troops in the war. The official interpretation, however, looks unconvincing.

The Kremlin justifies the deployment of North Korean troops by citing a treaty with Pyongyang, but that treaty was only ratified on October 24. Meanwhile, Ukraine's Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security released a video confirming the presence of North Korean soldiers in Russia on October 18, as well as this explanation.

The incident can be seen as yet another step in Russia’s disinformation campaign aimed at justifying its aggression and spreading propaganda to domestic audiences. The Kremlin is trying to present the war not only as a conflict with Ukraine, but also as a fight against Western mercenaries. Such tactics allow the authorities to create the appearance of a broad international conspiracy against Russia and attract popular support, including by justifying increased repression and mobilization. This message is also part of a broader information context in which Russian propagandists regularly try to attract more foreign participants to the conflict, including countries seeking to maintain neutrality.

Russian propaganda is actively spreading the message in the media that Ukraine is allegedly using information about the presence of North Korean troops in the war to draw NATO into an open conflict with Russia, calling it "rumors". They say this was stated in an interview with Andrii Yermak, head of the Office of the President of Ukraine, for the Italian publication Corriere Della Sera. However, this is not true.

The Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security writes about this. Its specialists note that there is no such information in the interview. In addition, the presence of North Korean troops at Russian bases is confirmed by intelligence data and officials, including the NATO Secretary General and the US Secretary of Defense.

The aim of this disinformation is to create the illusion of an external threat and “hostile plans” of the West to interfere in the conflict, which will help mobilize domestic support in Russia. The Kremlin seeks to present the West as an active participant in the war, and Ukraine as a “controlled” NATO player. This approach allows Russian media to explain to citizens why the so-called “special operation”, which was initially promised to end in a few days, has been going on for several years. Russian propagandists have previously used a variety of pretexts, from accusations of supplying weapons and intelligence assistance to disseminating information about alleged foreign mercenaries.

In the Briansk region, a group of foreign mercenaries of the Ukrainian Armed Forces was allegedly “eliminated”.

On October 29, the Russian FSB announced that a group of foreign mercenaries of the Ukrainian Armed Forces had allegedly been “liquidated” in the Briansk region. At the same time, the saboteurs were allegedly found to have a Canadian flag and a prayer book in Polish. However, this incident raises many questions. In particular, Kremlin political scientists claim that Russia is thus looking for grounds to involve North Korean troops in the war. The official interpretation, however, looks unconvincing.

The Kremlin justifies the deployment of North Korean troops by citing a treaty with Pyongyang, but that treaty was only ratified on October 24. Meanwhile, Ukraine's Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security released a video confirming the presence of North Korean soldiers in Russia on October 18, as well as this explanation.

The incident can be seen as yet another step in Russia’s disinformation campaign aimed at justifying its aggression and spreading propaganda to domestic audiences. The Kremlin is trying to present the war not only as a conflict with Ukraine, but also as a fight against Western mercenaries. Such tactics allow the authorities to create the appearance of a broad international conspiracy against Russia and attract popular support, including by justifying increased repression and mobilization. This message is also part of a broader information context in which Russian propagandists regularly try to attract more foreign participants to the conflict, including countries seeking to maintain neutrality.

Propagandists are spreading the message in the media that the US allegedly still cannot choose a platform for confrontation with Russia between Moldova and Georgia, using dubious claims. They describe pro-European leaders, such as the presidents of both countries, Salome Zurabishvili and Maia Sandu, as allegedly connected with the West with the aim of “splitting” the region. They also create an image of a threat of intervention by foreign troops, in particular Ukrainian ones, to destabilize the situation in order to cause fear and mistrust in democracy. The goal of this message is to promote pro-Russian narratives and reduce support for European integration processes.

Claims of “no evidence” of Russian interference in the politics of these countries are intended to discredit pro-European leaders. First, the rhetoric about the “link” of pro-European politicians to the US and EU, portrayed as a threat to “national interests”,  is intended to encourage the perception of any support for international partners as foreign interference. Claims of “voter-buying plots” without evidence in Moldova and Georgia, used in this message in the context of recent elections in both countries, are intended to undermine confidence in the democratic electoral processes promoted by pro-European parties.

In addition, there are hints of military threat generation, such as the “arrival of Ukrainian snipers” for provocation, used to justify potential intervention and justify Russia’s actions, especially for audiences receptive to such claims. Such disinformation is aimed at undermining Western trust and increasing Georgia and Moldova’s dependence on Russian support in a time of political uncertainty.

Thus, the propagandists want to create the appearance of external influence, allegedly imposing an “alien” political position in order to support democratic choice. This approach is intended to distract from the real problems in the regions where there are risks of pro-Russian intervention, such as economic and political pressure on Moldova and Georgia.

The National Security and Defense Council's Center for Countering Disinformation has recorded a significant increase in the scale of Russian disinformation, in which propagandists promote false messages about the alleged deliberate killing of civilian Ukrainian soldiers. In particular, they are actively distributing an unverified drone video, using it to support their claims. This video does not contain specific information about the direction of the shelling, the circumstances of the events, or the identity of the participants, which makes these claims dubious.

The purpose of such disinformation is to create a false image of Russian military personnel as “defenders” of the civilian population of the temporarily occupied territories and to divert attention from the real war crimes recorded there. Russia is trying to justify its aggression by using these information leaks to discredit the Ukrainian military and strengthen the negative image of Ukraine among the local population and the international community.

Propaganda Telegram channels controlled by Russia are actively disseminating a statement by the leader of the French party Patriots Florian Philippot, who claims that the European Parliament approved the allocation of an additional 35 billion euros for Ukraine at the expense of frozen Russian assets, calling it theft. This message is aimed at creating a negative attitude towards the West's support for Ukraine and forming a distorted idea of the legality of international aid.

This is what the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security writes. They emphasize that in fact, Florian Philippot has long been an active relayer of Russian narratives in France, whether or not he does so consciously. Just last week, he also said that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi would soon lose his post. Similar pro-Russian statements have been repeatedly spread by other figures, such as Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad.

At the same time, Russia continues to boast about its own large-scale thefts in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Russia's real crimes include the so-called “nationalization” of Ukrainian enterprises, their re-registration, and the constant taxation of the population in the occupation zones.

Russia is trying to portray the legitimate use of frozen assets to support Ukraine as “theft” in order to create a negative impression of the EU and other Western aid. Propagandists are also spreading fake claims of “theft” by Ukraine and its partners in order to distract attention from their own acts of looting in the occupied territories, where real crimes are being committed. Such messages are aimed at undermining trust in Western institutions and discrediting the mechanisms of support for Ukraine, showing them as part of an international “conspiracy” plan. Using European politicians like Filippo helps Russia to shape negative sentiments in Europe and spread anti-Ukrainian messages through local mouthpieces, which creates the illusion of domestic opposition to support for Ukraine. Thus, the message about “theft of Russian assets” is another tool of Russia’s disinformation campaign aimed at manipulating public opinion in Europe and undermining support for Ukraine.

Propagandists are spreading information on anonymous Telegram channels that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi is allegedly deliberately destroying the Ukrainian people under the pretext of war in order to turn Ukraine into a camp for migrants from Europe and transfer all the country's resources to Western corporations. However, this is not true.

This message is a typical example of Russian disinformation aimed at undermining morale and creating panic. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 was an act of aggression on the part of Russia, not a conscious policy of the Ukrainian authorities. Ukraine is defending itself against an aggressor that has violated international law and the country's sovereignty. President Volodymyr Zelenskyi and the Ukrainian leadership are fighting to preserve the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, not to “destroy the people”. Their goal is to preserve the Ukrainian state and protect its population from threats from the aggressor.

The claim that Ukraine will be used as a “migrant camp” is a completely baseless conspiracy theory. Ukraine seeks to integrate into the European community as a full partner, and there is no indication that the country will become a hub for migrants deported from the EU. Such rumors are classic Russian attempts to stoke fears and social instability. The claim that Ukrainians are “fighting to give resources to Western corporations” is part of anti-Western propaganda. Ukraine receives aid from Western countries to protect itself from Russian aggression, not to give up its resources. This aid is aimed at supporting the defense and reconstruction of the country. The use of ethnic stereotypes and hints at “outsiders” who are supposedly going to take over Ukraine is an attempt to sow discord among Ukrainians and undermine the unity of society. Such narratives are dangerous and are intended to create an atmosphere of mistrust and fear.

Russian propaganda is trying to discredit Zelenskyi and his government in order to reduce public support and sow doubts about the motives of the war for Ukraine's independence. In this way, propagandists are also trying to present Western aid as a threat to Ukraine's sovereignty, which is not true. These types of messages are aimed at emotional influence in order to demoralize Ukrainian society, spread fear and doubt about the country's future.

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban told the German newspaper Pioneer that Ukraine had allegedly been a disputed territory for centuries. During the conversation, the correspondent tried to draw parallels between the events in Budapest in 1956 and Russian aggression against Ukraine. Orban said that the situation in Ukraine is completely different and that Hungary was never part of the Soviet Union. “There has never been a Russian-speaking community in Hungary on our territory. Ukraine is a territory that has been a subject of dispute for centuries, which makes it significantly different from Hungary”. He also added that Europe, acting as if aggression against Ukraine is its problem, allegedly ends up in a losing situation. However, this is a manipulation of historical facts.

The history of Ukraine testifies to its long existence as a separate state and its struggle for independence. Although Ukraine has experienced interference from various empires - Russian, Austro-Hungarian and others - this does not cancel out its own historical burdens and aspiration for self-determination. The Ukrainian people have been fighting for their freedom and sovereignty for centuries, and modern Ukraine is a state recognized by the international community with clear borders, secured by international agreements.

Hungary, like Ukraine, was part of the Soviet bloc and was heavily influenced by the USSR. The events in Budapest in 1956 were a consequence of Soviet repressive policies, which were similarly manifested in Ukraine. Therefore, emphasizing the differences between Ukraine and Hungary is artificial, since both countries experienced Soviet pressure and fought for real independence.

Orban’s claim that the “conflict” in Ukraine is moot because of historical disputes distracts attention from the fact that Russia’s current aggression against Ukraine is a clear violation of international law and Ukraine’s territorial integrity. After the collapse of the USSR, Ukraine’s borders were recognized internationally, including by Russia, as recorded in the Budapest Memorandum of 1994.

Orban claims that Europe is losing by supporting Ukraine. However, this claim ignores the fact that the EU, NATO and other international partners are helping Ukraine to defend its independence and the security of all of Europe. Support for Ukraine is critical to deterring aggression and preserving the international principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Propagandists, including Russian government officials, are spreading information in the media that Russia does not threaten other countries, unlike NATO. This message has been refuted by experts from the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security.

In recent years, Russia has not only waged military campaigns against its neighbors, but also resorted to direct and indirect aggression against Western states. Sabotage in Poland and the Baltics, poisoning in Salisbury, cyber attacks and election interference are evidence of Russia’s active aggressive policy. It also tries to divide Western society by promoting narratives about NATO’s alleged provocative role. In parallel, threats to use nuclear weapons are voiced, such as plans to strike Poland or London, in order to sow fear and reduce support for defense strategies.

Such statements are aimed at presenting Russia as a state provoked by Western countries, thus justifying its own aggressive actions in Ukraine and other regions. This is aimed at easing international sanctions and renewing business ties with Western companies. In this way, propagandists are also trying to convince European society that aid to Ukraine and support for NATO are economically disadvantageous and provoke conflicts. This message is aimed at reducing the level of support among citizens of European countries. And these information operations are aimed at weakening international support for Ukraine, isolating the country in the diplomatic arena and forming mistrust of Western defense initiatives.

Propagandists are spreading information in the media that French President Emmanuel Macron is funding Ukrainian military recruitment offices to mobilize Ukrainians for war. These statements are based on statements by Florian Philippot, a former MEP and populist politician known for his pro-Russian rhetoric. This is reported by the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security.

They say Philippot was an ally of Marie Le Pen. He regularly voices theses that coincide with Russian propaganda, such as demands that Ukraine return military aid to the West. His statements are used to discredit Western support for Ukraine and to give the French a false impression of an allied relationship with Ukraine.

The idea of “using” Ukrainians for foreign interests undermines morale and destroys solidarity within Ukraine. Propagandists seek to create the false impression among the French that aid to Ukraine is a financial burden on their country. Statements such as “France is paying for mobilization” are intended to create the impression that the war in Ukraine is a burden for Europe, provoking anti-Ukrainian sentiment among European voters. The use of statements by politicians such as Philippot aims to reinforce disinformation with the authority of public figures, even if their positions are marginal and pro-Russian.

Such messages are part of a broader Kremlin information war aimed at undermining international support for Ukraine and creating conflicts between Ukraine and its Western partners.

The Russian Orthodox Church actively supports Russia's policy, justifies the war against Ukraine and acts as a tool for legitimizing the criminal actions of the occupiers. Statements by church leaders, in particular, comparing the war to “treatment” or “the work of a surgeon”, whitewash aggression and violence. This is what experts from the Center for Countering Disinformation at the National Security and Defense Council write.

By comparing war to a healing process, the Russian Orthodox Church seeks to shape the public opinion that war is a “necessary” and “good” act. Patriarch Kirill’s statements that death in war washes away sins, mobilizes society and demoralizes opponents of war, using religious motives. The Russian Orthodox Church’s cooperation with the Russian government provides propaganda cover for war crimes and promotes a narrative about the correctness of the “chosen path”.

Propagandists claim on anonymous Telegram channels that the German government, represented by Economy Minister Robert Habeck, allegedly stated that the German economy is declining due to support for Ukraine and Ukrainian refugees. This message is an example of manipulating facts to discredit the policies of the Olaf Scholz government and its support for Ukraine. Propagandists are trying to artificially link Germany's economic difficulties with the war in Ukraine and sanctions against Russia, while the real reasons are much deeper and more complex.

German Economy Minister Robert Habeck has made it clear that the main problems of the German economy are long-term structural factors, such as underinvestment in infrastructure and a shortage of skilled workers. These are problems that have been building up for decades and have no direct connection with the war in Ukraine or the sanctions policy against Russia. The “green transition” policy also requires significant resources, but its goal is long-term sustainability, not short-term economic gains.

Propagandists are trying to accuse the Scholz government of refusing beneficial cooperation with Russia. However, such cooperation became impossible due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine and Russia's violation of international law. The sanctions were imposed within the framework of Germany's international obligations and responsibility to the world community. Russia used energy resources as a tool of blackmail, which created threats to Europe's security.

The claim that Germany has lost its political sovereignty due to US influence is unfounded. Germany has its own development strategy, including a transition to clean energy sources, and is working closely with other EU countries to reduce dependence on Russian energy resources. This policy is aimed at strengthening European energy security and independence.

The purpose of spreading this manipulation is to create the impression that support for Ukraine is the key cause of Germany’s economic problems. This narrative is thus aimed at undermining international support for Ukraine and increasing pressure on the German government to abandon its policy towards Russian aggression.

Propagandists claim that Warsaw allegedly has territorial claims on Western Ukraine. They say, if the Polish army enters Volyn, the Lukashenko regime will support the local population, since Belarusians will be next. The Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security writes about it.

They indicate that this message has been used by propagandists since the very beginning of the full-scale invasion. Poland has been a reliable ally of Ukraine since the beginning of the war, and there is no evidence to support its territorial claims. Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, Belarus has become a base for Russian attacks on Ukraine. In addition, the so-called allied relations between Moscow and Minsk are considered a “diplomatic occupation of Belarus”, since Putin actually controls both the power bloc and military structures in Belarus, which indicates the loss of its sovereignty.

This misinformation is being spread to create distrust and tension between Ukraine and Poland, two key allies in the fight against Russian aggression. Russia and Belarus use this message to weaken the support of Ukraine from Poland and other Western countries, which provide significant military, humanitarian and economic assistance. This fake is also trying to blow up internal unity in Ukraine. In addition, its dissemination aims to distract attention from the real role of Belarus in the war as an ally of Russia and a participant in the aggression against Ukraine. In a broader context, such fakes help to create an image of an external enemy for Belarusian society, amplifying the rhetoric of fear and mobilization around threats to sovereignty in order to justify Lukashenko's political actions and strengthen Belarus' dependence on Russia.

Speaking at the UN General Assembly, Russian Foreign Minister Serhii Lavrov repeated a set of typical Kremlin talking points aimed at discrediting the West, the EU and justifying Russian aggression. His speech was yet another attempt to spread disinformation on the international stage, blaming the West for all the world's problems. The EUvsDisInfo project compiled a selection of the main messages from it.

Lavrov has tried to shift responsibility for Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine to the West, in particular through the myth of “NATO expansion”. This disinformation is a classic example of Russia repeating false claims over and over again in order to make them more believable. The Kremlin claims that the West provokes Russia when independent countries, including Ukraine, exercise their right to choose their own foreign policy and join NATO.

Russia also manipulates the principle of self-determination, claiming that residents of temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine allegedly “chose” to become part of Russia. This claim is used to justify aggression against Ukraine, although in reality Russia violates the rights of Ukrainians and forcibly annexes their territories, particularly in Crimea and the east.

One of Russia’s main tools is to promote the message of a “neo-Nazi regime” in Kyiv that allegedly threatened residents of the occupied territories. Such statements are aimed at justifying aggression and shifting the focus to Russian war crimes committed in Ukraine. This myth is used to discredit Western support for Ukraine and to portray Russia as a “defender” of the supposedly oppressed.

Russia is trying to shift responsibility for its actions to the West, claiming that Ukraine was preparing to attack the east and Crimea with the support of Western countries. In this way, the Kremlin justifies its invasion as a preventive action. Accusations against NATO, the US and the EU are intended to sow mistrust in these countries and split international support for Ukraine. Russia spreads myths about the West’s “neo-colonialist practices” in an attempt to gain support among countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Russian disinformation is aimed at creating a false picture of the conflict on the international stage, presenting Russia as a victim of aggressive actions by the West and Ukraine.

Russian propaganda resources are spreading false claims that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi is allegedly trying to use tricks to drag the United States into a war with Russia. The propagandists claim that during his visit to the United States, Zelenskyi wanted to obtain permission to strike Russian territory and thus drag Washington into direct military action. This is reported by the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security.

In fact, Ukraine is developing cooperation with the United States and other Western partners solely to obtain support for the defense of its territorial integrity in accordance with international law and the UN Charter. Kyiv does not seek to drag the West into war. Permission to use Western long-range weapons against targets in Russia is necessary to weaken the aggressor and force it to sit down at the negotiating table on fair terms.

This fake is part of Russia’s information campaign aimed at intimidating Western countries and attempting to undermine their resolve to continue providing military assistance to Ukraine. The narrative of “escalation leading to war between the US and Russia” is used to create tension and fear among Western partners in order to force them to reduce their support for Ukraine.

In the Russian segment of social networks they write that by the end of next year, Ukraine’s public debt will reach more than 1000% of GDP.

“They had a great time jumping on the Maidan”, the propagandists mock.

First of all, propagandists have defiled the information about the country's external debt. In general, such debt is an important indicator of the country's financial stability and has a significant impact on economic development. It is an indispensable part of any country's policy and can be both a source of financing for economic development and a factor limiting economic growth.

For example, such a high figure is not uncommon even in countries with developed economies that are not at war. For example, the public debt of France, Belgium and the UK is 112%, 105% and 104% of GDP, respectively, and in Japan this percentage reaches 254 (data as of 2022).

So the propagandists have inflated the state debt figure by 10 times, and also completely ignored the context of the original news. Since the announcement of the Ministry of Finance was about reducing the external debt from 100.5% to 97% of GDP in 2025, that is, about the positive dynamics of this indicator. In total, the volume of external and internal state debt will amount to 8.2 trillion UAH. But this is, in general, a general economic factor accompanying the economy of many countries - and there is literally nothing “catastrophic” about it.

“Of course, this is a significant indicator. But we must not forget that we are a country at war. Therefore, at the current stage, the issue of debts is only in the context of the possibility of servicing and paying them off in the short term”, explained Finance Minister Serhii Marchenko at a briefing at the Ukrainian Media Center.

Russian diplomats have stated in the media that Russia may resume nuclear testing if the United States carries out similar actions. They also note that the Nova Zemlia test site is fully prepared for such tests. By “similar actions” they mean American nuclear tests, although their statement was made in the context of a discussion of Russia's possible response to Western long-range weapons strikes on Russian territory.

Russia systematically uses nuclear blackmail as a tool to intimidate the West. This is noted by the Center for Countering Disinformation under the National Security and Defense Council. The statement about the possible resumption of nuclear tests creates an atmosphere of tension and tries to influence the decision of Western countries to continue supporting Ukraine. The statement about readiness for testing is positioned as a response to hypothetical actions by the United States, which allows the Kremlin to justify its aggressive actions and create the impression that Russia is acting defensively, not aggressively.

Threats of nuclear escalation are intended to deter the West from further arms sales to Ukraine, especially long-range weapons capable of striking Russian territory. Moscow seeks to insure itself against such strikes while at the same time frightening Ukraine’s partners into abandoning such decisions. Domestically, such statements reinforce the image of a “strong Russia” capable of confronting the West and acting from a position of strength. They also help legitimize further military action and justify an aggressive foreign policy.

Pro-Russian sources claim that the head of the Office of the President of Ukraine Andrii Yermak believes that the main task for Ukraine is to draw NATO into a direct confrontation with Russia. According to propagandists, this is what will allow Ukraine to join the Alliance and win the war. There seem to be no alternative scenarios - reserves and equipment are at critical levels, Ukraine cannot withstand a protracted war, which means “we need to look for formats for escalating the war and provoking the Kremlin”. 

In fact, the Ukrainian military-political leadership, on the contrary, is striving to end the war, and on fair terms for the country. This is written by the Center for Countering Disinformation. Ukraine does not intend to involve NATO in a direct conflict with Russia, but the Ukrainian government asks for comprehensive support for the country so that it can continue to repel Russian aggression and, finally, defeat the terrorist country.

With such messages, Russia accuses the Ukrainian authorities of escalating the war. Propagandists also appeal to the “critical amount of reserves and equipment”, “Ukraine's inability to fight continued”, but international partners continue to provide military and financial assistance to the Ukrainian state, and thanks to the Kursk operation of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, the theater of military operations has moved to Russian territory. Accordingly, it may be unprofitable for the Kremlin itself to continue this groundless war, which is why they are looking for ways to end it on unfavorable and disadvantageous terms for Ukraine.

Previously, we analyzed the Russian disinformation message that Kyiv wants to provoke the Kremlin into attacking with tactical nuclear weapons.

American economist Jeffrey Sachs claimed that the US allegedly “organized a conspiracy” to overthrow the regime of Viktor Yanukovych in Ukraine in February 2014. In addition, according to the economist, the US wanted to use the opportunity to “get to Russia” and support the “jihadist movement inside Russia” during the Chechen wars. Supposedly, this is why Russian aggression against Ukraine is actually American.

The claim that the United States orchestrated a “plot” to overthrow President Viktor Yanukovych in February 2014 is baseless and manipulative. The events of the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine, which led to the resignation of Yanukovych, were caused by mass popular protests over his decision to abandon the course of European integration and sign an agreement with Russia. It was an internal protest of the Ukrainian people against corruption and an authoritarian regime, not external interference. Unlike Russia’s aggressive actions in annexing Crimea and carrying out military aggression in the Donbas, the United States did not interfere in the internal affairs of Ukraine with the aim of removing its president.

Jeffrey Sachs is trying to present the war in Ukraine not as a result of Russia’s aggressive policy, but as a consequence of American influence on post-Soviet countries. This is a distortion of the essence of the war. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, like the annexation of Crimea in 2014, was initiated by Russia without justification. Ukraine is defending its independence and territorial integrity, and the United States and other Western countries support it in this fight in accordance with international law.

This message is an attempt to shift responsibility for Russian aggression to the United States and distort the essence of the conflict in Ukraine. It is based on baseless accusations and conspiracy theories that have no confirmation from authoritative international sources. The war in Ukraine is the result of Russian aggression, and US support is aimed at protecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine within the framework of international law.

Former adviser to the US Secretary of Defense Douglas MacGregor made a statement that allegedly French journalists conducted an investigation and received testimony from eyewitnesses who claimed that there were no Russians in the Ukrainian cities where mass killings were recorded. According to him, Ukrainians killed their fellow citizens to create the impression that these were crimes of Russian troops. This is written by the Center for Countering Disinformation.

However, this statement is baseless and contradicts the findings of numerous international investigations that have confirmed Russian war crimes in cities such as Bucha, Izium, Mariupol and others. Russian troops are responsible for mass killings of civilians, which has been documented by various human rights organizations and journalists. Such fake news is spread in order to whitewash Russia's reputation and discredit Ukraine.

Russian propaganda seeks to shift the blame for war crimes onto Ukraine itself, diverting attention from the real facts and documented evidence of Russian military atrocities. The purpose of spreading such claims is to encourage foreign audiences to question the objectivity of international investigations and accusations against Russia in order to ease pressure on it from the international community. Through such fakes, pro-Russian narratives attempt to discredit the Ukrainian army and leadership, creating the false impression that Ukraine is allegedly committing crimes against its own people, which could reduce support from Western countries. This type of disinformation is part of a broader Russian hybrid warfare campaign, where propaganda messages are used to undermine trust in Ukrainian institutions and attempt to raise doubts about international support for Ukraine. Russia systematically attempts to create a parallel information space where the events of the war are distorted in order to legitimize its own actions and justify aggression.

Former US intelligence officer Scott Ritter claimed that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi allegedly started a war against the Russian-speaking population of Donbas by launching an anti-terrorist operation during which the Ukrainian army allegedly killed women, children and innocent people. This was noted by the Center for Countering Disinformation.

The Center's experts explain that the anti-terrorist operation in Donbas was a response to the Russian-backed armed aggression that began after the illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014. Ukraine did not initiate the war, but acted within the framework of international law, defending its territory and citizens from pro-Russian separatists and Russian troops. The accusation of mass murder of civilians is part of the Kremlin's disinformation campaign aimed at discrediting the Ukrainian government and justifying its aggressive actions.

Russia is trying to create an image of Ukraine as an aggressor country that violates the rights of the Russian-speaking population. This is done in order to justify its actions on the international stage, in particular the occupation of Crimea and support for militants in Donbas. The spread of such fakes is aimed at causing tensions between different ethnic and linguistic groups in Ukraine, especially among Russian-speaking citizens, which could lead to internal destabilization. Russia is also trying to influence public opinion in Europe and the United States in order to reduce support for Ukraine from the international community. With such statements, the Kremlin seeks to portray the conflict in Donbas as an internal civil conflict, rather than an act of external aggression.

Propagandists are spreading information in the Polish segment of social networks about possible job cuts for Polish teachers in favor of educators from Ukraine. Specialists from Demagog decided to contact the Polish Ministry of Education to verify these statements.

In its response, it stated that the admission of Ukrainian children to schools “does not result in Polish teachers losing their jobs”. Current regulations do not envisage Ukrainian teachers teaching children in Polish schools. According to the Ministry of Education, 3 million people have come to Poland since the start of the war in Ukraine, 43% of whom are children and young people. It is not known exactly how many of them have stayed permanently. The ministry notes that these children may in the future help rebuild Ukraine or become part of Polish society if they decide to stay. The ministry emphasizes that all students, including Ukrainians, must study according to the Polish curriculum, which means that teachers must know Polish at a sufficient level to teach lessons.

Spreading false information that Ukrainian teachers may displace Polish teachers from their jobs is aimed at inciting social conflicts and tensions between the two nations. This may cause fear and discontent among Poles, especially in the professional sphere. Such fakes are also aimed at reducing public support for Ukrainian refugees and aid to Ukraine in general. Creating the impression that Ukrainians are “taking” jobs or influencing the budget may push people to believe that supporting Ukraine is harmful to Polish society. Propagandists may use these fakes to create an impression of incompetence or betrayal on the part of the government, which allegedly puts the interests of Ukrainians above those of Poles. This may undermine trust in state institutions and the current authorities.