The network is spreading words that the First Lady of Ukraine, Olena Zelenska, allegedly said during the forum Ukraine 30. Healthy Ukraine in 2021: “Some Ukrainians are too Ukrainian. We need to become a little less Ukrainian, and then peace will come to society”.

However, in her speech during the forum Ukraine 30. Healthy Ukraine, Olena Zelenska did not say this. In particular, the First Lady spoke about the reform of the school nutrition system. And we could not find a mention of this quote during her other speeches. This quote was not distributed in Ukrainian or English in reliable media.

The first mention of the words can be found on the page of the user X with the nickname Mantelepa, the post was published back in June 2020, that is, before the forum. However, neither this nor the other posts had a video or link with a quote from Zelenska.

A snippet of a story on the American channel KMAX 31 is being shared online. In it, the hosts of Good Day allegedly laughed after a report about the colossal losses of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.

But this is a fake video. In the original story, the host laughed because of a mistake during the weather forecast. The fakers edited the video.

A search for the channel and show name revealed that the full name of the show is Good Day Sacramento. It is indeed broadcast on KMAX 31. If one checks the official Good Day Sacramento YouTube channel, one can find the same plot that the propagandists used for the fake video.

The original video was published back in December 2019. In it, the host laughs not at the supposedly colossal losses of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, but at a slip of the tongue during the weather forecast. Instead of “visibility” (translated from English - the distance one can see as determined by weather conditions), she said “disability” (translated from English - incapacity for work).

A video is being actively shared on TikTok, in which a Ukrainian serviceman allegedly talks about significant losses, criticizes the command, and claims that Russian captivity is the “best choice”. However, it is fake.

This is reported by the Center for Countering Disinformation at the National Security and Defense Council. Its experts found that this video is the result of the use of deepfake technology. The analysis shows the unnatural pronunciation of the character, and other videos on the page confirm that its content was created for manipulation.

The main goal of this fake is to undermine trust in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, create panic among citizens, and demoralize the military. TikTok was chosen because of its popularity and the speed of information dissemination. Such deepfakes mislead people if detailed analysis is not conducted. The Center is working with the TikTok administration to reduce the amount of disinformation spread by Russian propagandists on the platform.

Russian propagandists are spreading a video on anonymous Telegram channels and media outlets in which journalists from the Good Day Sacramento American show  allegedly mock the combat losses of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. However, it is a fake.

This is reported by the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security and Ukrinform. It was Ukrinform experts who found out that the original video is dated December 2019. This is confirmed by the New Year decorations in the studio, identical to those that were in the show then. Modern episodes of the show use completely different decorations. In addition, the fake video does not have the large mask of the Grinch character, which was in the real show. The show itself has a purely entertainment format, where the hosts joke and cover local events, and do not discuss political or military topics.

Such actions once again demonstrate Russia's methods of information warfare, which include distorting reality to achieve propaganda goals. This fake news is aimed at spreading false messages about the Armed Forces of Ukraine, lowering the morale of the Ukrainian military, and demoralizing society.

Russians are spreading a video with the logo of the American TV channel ABC, claiming that Ukraine allegedly lost about one million servicemen and had hundreds of thousands of people disabled due to injuries sustained in the war.

However, this video has been edited, reports the StopFake project. Using Google's reverse search function, it was possible to find the original video that was used to create this fake. It was an ABC News video from March 30, 2023 about the assistance of American non-profit organizations to Ukrainian veterans who lost limbs in the war. It talks about the work of the charity Kind Deeds, which provides Ukrainian veterans with prosthetics and organizes rehabilitation in the United States. The propagandists cut out individual frames from the original video and, using artificial intelligence, completely forged the audio track, mimicking the voice of the program's host. The original video report does not mention any data on the number of Ukrainian soldiers killed.

On December 8, 2024, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyi reported that Ukraine had lost about 43,000 soldiers killed since the start of the full-scale war. As for the number of people with disabilities, there is no up-to-date official statistics available today. However, in mid-2023, the American publication The Wall Street Journal reported that over one and a half years of war, about 50,000 Ukrainians had become disabled due to amputations.

Earlier, we debunked the claim that the irreparable losses of the Ukrainian Armed Forces allegedly had already exceeded 500,000 people.

Propaganda sources claim that an unknown person allegedly left a marker near the Verkhovna Rada building to guide a Russian strike, accompanied by the inscription: “Putin, here”. As “proof”, propagandists have shared a video purportedly showing the individual who marked the spot.

In reality, this is another fake by the Russians, the VoxCheck project writes. Since the start of the full-scale war, the part of Mariinskyi Park leading to the Verkhovna Rada has been closed off. A regular citizen could not access the area to record such a video. Since February 24, 2022, only certain categories of individuals, such as government officials and parliamentary staff, have had access to the Verkhovna Rada’s premises. Someone among them could have theoretically recorded such a video.

However, two facts indicate that this is a fake. Firstly, public transport in the video goes to the government quarter, which is closed today. Secondly, the guards in the video are wearing medical masks, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating that the footage was recorded before the full-scale invasion.

The markers themselves began to appear at the beginning of the full-scale war. Some of them turned out to be ordinary markers on buildings that existed before the invasion. Others were deliberately created by Russians or their supporters to destabilize Ukrainian society and sow chaos. That is, it was an information and psychological special operation (IPSO). In reality, Russian strikes are guided by coordinates, not by such markers.

Russian propaganda Telegram channels are spreading a video purportedly from the BBC, which claims that Bellingcat investigators have found that “the number of Ukrainian fakes has decreased threefold since mid-November 2024”. In turn, they cite the “lack of funds” for creating and posting content as the most likely reason for this.

However, this is a fake, writes the VoxCheck project. The BBC did not publish such a video either on its official website or on its social media pages. There is also no information about it on Bellingcat's official resources.

The video clip that propagandists are spreading does not contain any original footage. For the fake, they used materials from open sources that are not related to each other. For example, the photo with Volodymyr Zelenskyi was taken from the official website of the Office of the President of Ukraine - the photo was published back in July 2022. And the shot with the President of Ukraine and European leaders was taken during the European Council summit in Brussels on October 17, 2024.

We have previously analyzed fake videos allegedly created by the BBC, in particular, a fake about Zelenskyi's “personal endocrinologist” fleeing abroad.

A video is circulating online showing a dialogue between an alleged Ukrainian serviceman and a civilian man. This was preceded by the fact that the “soldier” first allegedly walked along the side of the highway for almost 500 kilometers in the direction of Lviv, then stood on the side of the road for four hours, and no one stopped him, but the civilian man-driver in the video stopped in his car and “picked” him up.

In fact, this is a staged video. The dialogue between a civilian driver and a supposed military man is filmed by a person sitting in the back seat of the car and to whom the “military man” for some reason does not pay any attention, even when the video is shot from a very close angle. In turn, the driver reacts suspiciously calmly to the “military man’s” words about the alleged lack of money even for the bus; two years of captivity; that the “military man’s” community has already managed to “bury” him during this time, erecting a monument to him, etc.

In addition, the “military man” made a mistake when he said that he had been fighting since 2013, because the Russian-Ukrainian war began only in 2014. After all, the “military man” could not have walked almost 500 kilometers, as he claims in the video. After all, the average walking speed of a person is 4-5 km/h, and even if one walks continuously for 24 hours a day (which is physically almost impossible due to the need for rest, food, and sleep), it would take more than 100 hours (more than 4 days).

The purpose of this staged video is to widen the gap between the military and civilians, trying to instill guilt and shame in the latter. This is evidenced by the fact that the fake military man constantly alludes to the alleged indifference of Ukrainian society to Ukrainian defenders.

We previously wrote about a staged video that claims that “posters with the late Zelenskyi” have appeared in Kyiv.

A video is being shared on social media in which a Ukrainian soldier allegedly complains about the arbitrariness of the Territorial recruitment and social support center employees, the difficult situation at the front, the unprofessionalism of commanders, losses among personnel, and urges Ukrainian men not to go to war.

However, in fact, this video was created using artificial intelligence, the VoxCheck project reports. The original source of the video is an anonymous TikTok profile, where the author publishes videos with supposedly Ukrainian soldiers and prisoners of war. A check of the Hive Moderation AI tool showed that the profile contains videos that were generated using a neural network. Accordingly, the tool showed that the appeal of a serviceman talking about the difficult situation at the front was also created using AI.

This fake is intended to misinform Ukrainian society about the real situation on the front and dissuade civilians from mobilizing for the army. Previously, we analyzed a fake about a mutiny in one of the brigades of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

A fake news story with a link to a Euronews video appeared on a number of pro-Russian platforms, claiming that Ukrainians in Europe are illegally connecting to power grids in order to get (earn) cryptocurrency. According to the claim, these activities were motivated by the rising value of Bitcoin. The report alleges that over 400 Ukrainians were arrested last month alone and that their actions even caused energy shortages across the continent.

However, this is fake news: the video with such content was not published on the official Euronews website or its social media platforms. Many other details betray the falsity of this story: in particular, it is suspicious that this report did not even name the country where these attackers allegedly operated, but used the abstract wording “Europe”. Moreover, an online search for news about similar incidents did not yield any results either.

This fake news is part of a broader propaganda effort aimed at portraying Ukrainian refugees as criminals or terrorists, both a cultural and economic threat to European society, attempting to reduce support for Ukraine. As noted in our prior findings, Russian propaganda has consistently sought to discredit Ukrainian refugees since the start of the large-scale war in Ukraine.

Propagandists regularly spread fakes about them—they call refugees dependents, claim that these Ukrainians went abroad not for safety, but for profit, that they spread various diseases, and so on. Propagandists find these means necessary to perpetuate the idea that Ukrainians are bad people who do not appreciate the help that residents of other countries provide them and that they take advantage of the kindness of people from other countries.

For example, we recently reported that people online spread a fake story allegedly from the French publication Le Figaro, which talked about a Ukrainian refugee accused of murder.

A video with the logo of the Ukrainian media outlet United24 is being distributed online. It claims that 40 doctors in Ukraine were arrested for allegedly breaking men’s limbs for money. According to this video, the injuries were intentionally severe enough to require over a year of rehabilitation, allowing these men to evade mobilization. Now the Verkhovna Rada is supposedly considering the issue of criminal liability for such doctors and for Ukrainian individuals buying this service.

However, United24 Media has not published any such report. Propagandists falsely attribute the video to United24, but no such content exists on the official website or the media outlet’s social media platforms, including Instagram, Facebook, Twitter (X), or YouTube.

The claim also states that police have already arrested 40 doctors involved in this activity. Yet, the National Police of Ukraine has made no such announcements, and there’s no information of this sort in Ukrainian media. This story seems to have first appeared in the Russian Telegram channel Voiennyi Obozrevatel (Military Observer).

Furthermore, the Verkhovna Rada has not registered any draft law proposing criminal liability for doctors allegedly breaking limbs for money or for clients attempting to evade military service through such means.

Russian sources are distributing a video about an alleged “instruction” for Danes on how to behave during a run-in with the Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support representatives. According to the plot of the video, the man allegedly received a corresponding memo at the Embassy of the Kingdom of Denmark in Ukraine. In the video, he was surprised when he read about “the possible use of physical force by the police and the Territorial Center of Recruitment”. At the same time, the main character of the plot tries to communicate in English, but does not use Danish at all.

In fact, this is a fake video, the VoxCheck project writes. The Embassy of the Kingdom of Denmark in Ukraine clarified to the VoxCheck team that the employees of the department did not provide such “recommendations” and have no relation to this video. Also, the text of the fake booklet is written in poor-quality Danish, and the “instruction” itself does not correspond to the official style of communication of the embassy.

The Danish embassy website mentions martial law and the temporary suspension of air traffic in its “Travel and Stay” section. However, there is no mention of the Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support or the police either there, or on the Visit Ukraine service portal.

Earlier, we recorded a similar fake by Russians about an alleged leaflet from the British Embassy in Ukraine, in which they recommend their citizens to flee from the Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support.

Russian propaganda sources are spreading a video allegedly created by Bellingcat. It says that in 2024 the BBC became the record holder for the number of fakes published among all the world media outlets — 2,000 fakes. In second and third place were CNN and Der Spiegel, respectively. As a result, Eliot Higgins, journalist and founder of Bellingcat, allegedly applied to the Guinness World Records, and the “record” is to be published in 2025.

This is fake news, writes VoxCheck. Bellingcat did not publish such a video on its official website or on any of its social media accounts. In addition, checking the audio fragment from the video using the artificial intelligence tool Hive Moderation showed that the voice acting had been created using a neural network.

According to Media Bias/Fact Check, the three mentioned publications (BBC, CNN, and Der Spiegel) have either a high or a mostly high level of accuracy of their materials. Also, foreign fact checkers did not report that these media outlets spread these alleged hundreds or even thousands of fakes.

The Reuters Institute Digital News Report states that according to the results of a survey of citizens of the UK, the US and Germany, the BBC has the most trust among the British — 62%, CNN — 48% among Americans, and Der Spiegel — 54% among Germans.

Earlier, we refuted claims that a Bellingcat investigation had proven Andrii Yermak paid Time Magazine for a spot in its list of The Most Influential People of the year.

Russian propaganda sources are distributing a video online, where allegedly Ukrainian soldiers from the Azov Brigade are demonstratively burning several books by Donald Trump and Tony Schwartz, The Art of the Deal. In the video, the Ukrainian fighters allegedly call Trump a “traitor” and a “coward” and say that they do not need his peace plan. The propagandists comment on this video, saying that the Ukrainian army has recognized Trump as a “fairy president” and has started smoking his books in protest.

In fact, the video being distributed online is staged. Several facts indicate this. Firstly, the voiceover is in broken Ukrainian and the man has a noticeable accent. Secondly, it was possible to find out that this video is being distributed primarily in the pro-Russian segment of the network.

Also, Ukrainian volunteer Mykhailo Lavrovskyi on his page on the social network X, pointing out the absurdity of this video statement, rightly notes that the man in the video in Ukrainian military uniform is wearing an old chevron of the Azov Brigade that has not been used for a long time. That is, it is probably a trophy uniform that Russian soldiers once acquired in battle and wore to create this video fake.

After all, we have already recorded a number of similar Russian decrees in which Ukrainian military personnel allegedly protested against Trump.

Russian propagandists on anonymous Telegram channels are actively spreading information that in one of the episodes of the animated series “The Simpsons” they predicted that “the Ukrainian ambassador to Great Britain will become president”, hinting at Valerii Zaluzhnyi. They say that this is evidenced by a screenshot from the cartoon. However, this is a fake.

In fact, the propagandists superimposed this caption on the original footage. We are talking about the second episode of the sixteenth season of the animated series, according to which Marge Simpson, the main character, receives an invitation to a cooking competition. At this moment, she reads a newspaper, which actually says “Father of eight children has disappeared”, and not the phrase that the propagandists are talking about.

By replacing real facts with absurd statements, they are trying to ridicule Ukraine and its leadership, in particular, Valerii Zaluzhnyi. The use of a popular cartoon series creates a false information background aimed at distracting from current problems. The fake reinforces absurd conspiracy theories about external control of Ukraine and a “new world order” in order to justify Russian aggression.

A video has been widely distributed online, which allegedly shows the flight of a Russian Oreshnik ballistic missile during an attack on the city of Dnipro on November 21, 2024.

However, as the StopFake project writes, the video distributed by propagandists does indeed show the Soyuz-2.1a space rocket flying overhead. It was launched on November 21 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan with the Progress MS-29 cargo ship.

Another proof that the video shows a space rocket, not a ballistic one, is the “space jellyfish” - a characteristic trace in the sky. This atmospheric phenomenon is explained by the reflection of light from the rocket's exhaust gases, partially dispersed in the atmosphere in the period before dawn or after sunset. Observation is possible when the Sun is not yet or no longer illuminating the Earth's surface, but its rays fall on the inversion trail from the rocket at a high altitude.

So, the propagandists used this video to maximize the deterrence effect of the Oreshnik ballistic missile launch. Earlier, we analyzed the Russian message that Zelenskyi should supposedly “thank Putin and God” for avoiding a ballistic missile strike.

Russian sources are distributing a news release from the German Welt TV channel, which showed a video of soldiers from the 12th Azov Brigade storming Russian combat positions. The fake news claims that Azov used footage from the Call of Duty video game, and the video is supposedly from the Pokrovsk direction. They also accused German media of failing to comply with journalistic standards.

But the information about using video game footage is false. VoxCheck reports that there is no computer graphics in the video, the fighting is real. On July 15, 2024, the unit's official YouTube channel published a first-person video consisting of three parts: advancing through positions, clearing and consolidating after the assault. In addition, the assault took place in the Serebrianskyi forestry of the Luhansk region, and not in the Pokrovsk direction.

Russian propagandists impose the opinion that the Azov fighters support ideas that the modern world sharply rejects: anti-Semitism, Nazism, and other types of xenophobia. The Azov fighters are shown as those who devalue people based on their origins. In Moscow’s vision, Azov is ready to kill for “Ukrainian blood”. This is not the first time that the Kremlin has presented Ukrainians in this way — as aggressive, ultra-nationalistic, and valuing only “Ukrainian blood”. For example, Russian propaganda has already spread fakes about Ukrainian fighters’ wives complaining that their men transfuse them with “Muscovite blood”; or that Ukrainians prohibit foreign citizens from donating blood.

Despite the fact that in Ukraine (as in any other country) there is a share of people who are supporters of far-right ideas, it is the Kremlin that deliberately exaggerates their weight in Ukrainian society. In addition, it attributes to them a common ideology with Nazi Germany and the attitude towards sympathizers of Russia as a lower caste. At the same time, in the last parliamentary elections of 2019, for example, nationalists did not enter the Verkhovna Rada, not to mention far-right movements.

Russian sources are spreading information that the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights Michael O'Flaherty allegedly criticized the “language patrols” in Ukraine. As “proof” of this, propagandists publish a video in which O'Flaherty allegedly says that such patrols violate the rights of national minorities in Ukraine. 

However, the video distributed by the propagandists is fabricated - it was created using deepfake technology based on artificial intelligence. This is reported in the Stopfake project. At the 46th second of the distributed video, one can see how the man's “double chin” appears for a second and then immediately disappears. Also, the man in the video hardly blinks, and his speech does not match his facial expressions. In addition to this, the real Michael O'Flaherty has more active facial expressions when he speaks. One  can see this by watching any speech of the commissioner.

StopFake journalists also analyzed the propagandists’ videos using Attestiv, a tool for identifying fake videos created by artificial intelligence. The analysis showed that the video was “highly likely” to be fake.

This is not the first time that Russian propaganda has spread disinformation about “language patrols” in Ukraine, responding to the initiative of the mayor of Ivano-Frankivsk to create such patrols in the city to popularize the Ukrainian language. At the same time, the “language inspectors” do not have any special powers; this is a volunteer initiative.

Earlier, we recorded disinformation that the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv opened recruitment for a team of “language inspectors”.

Pro-Russian Telegram channels are distributing a video report allegedly created by the Institute for the Study of War (ISW). The report claims that after Donald Trump's victory in the US presidential election, Ukrainian soldiers began surrendering eight times more often than before. In turn, Euronews editor-in-chief Klaus Strunz allegedly called this a “completely natural” development. They say that now it has become clear to everyone that Ukraine is doomed, so the military is thinking about how to save their own lives.

However, this video is fabricated, writes the StopFake project. ISW did not publish such a video or similar statistics on its website or on its social media pages. There are no similar reports in any reliable Western media, including Euronews. The editor-in-chief of this broadcaster, Strunz, did express support for Trump on his social media pages, but did not comment on the potential consequences for Ukraine after the newly elected US president takes office, nor on reports of mass surrender of Ukrainian troops. After all, this “news” is false.

Therefore, there is no independent and verified data on how many Ukrainian soldiers actually surrender, since such statistics are only available from the Russian side, which does not inspire confidence.

With this fake, propagandists are trying to assert that with Trump coming to power in the United States, Ukraine will not receive any critical financial and military support from this state and, in general, a “complete catastrophe” awaits Ukrainians.

Earlier, the Russians had already distributed a fabricated video on behalf of ISW. Thus, earlier we recorded a fake video about how two out of ten Ukrainians died during meetings with representatives of the Territorial recruitment and social support centers.

The Russians are distributing a video report on behalf of the American publication The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), which states that the newly elected US Vice President J.D. Vance allegedly twice - on November 6 and 7 - refused to speak to the head of the Office of the President of Ukraine Andrii Yermak on the phone.

However, this video is fabricated. This is reported in the StopFake project. First of all, the WSJ did not publish such a video either on its website or on social networks (X, Facebook, YouTube). In addition, the video has obvious errors indicating its falsity. For example, J.D. Vance is called Vice President, although today the politician has not yet taken office and has the status of Vice President-elect of the United States. The current Vice President of the United States is Kamala Harris.

The video also quotes “political scientist” Dina Titus as saying that “the vice president has more important tasks now than to listen to Zelenskyi's Victory Plan once again”. While Titus could indeed comment on current political events, she is not a “political scientist” but a member of the US House of Representatives from Nevada. In the end, StopFake journalists were unable to find any confirmation that Titus actually made such a statement.

Let us recall that on November 8, 2024, it became known about a telephone conversation between the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi and the newly elected President of the United States Donald Trump.

Earlier, we analyzed the Russian fake news that Yermak called Macron a hypocritical politician for wanting to cut aid to Ukraine.

A supposed advertisement from the Ukrainian Women's Watch organization is being distributed in the pro-Russian segment of social networks, which talks about military training courses for women. The “advertising banner” shows a woman in a military uniform and in the background is a photo of a monkey sitting behind the wheel of a car. And the slogan is: “Women's two-week military assistance courses - even a macaque can be taught to drive!”

However, this advertisement is not real. We checked the image from the Telegram channel using a special tool FotoForensics, which establishes the fact of interference in the image. For example, Photoshop or other photo or video editors. Therefore, it was possible to establish that the photo distributed by the propagandists contains signs of editing. Moreover, no Ukrainian media published such an advertisement. Just like on the organization's website, we did not find any information about such an advertisement.

Women in armed conflicts are one of the most vulnerable social groups. Some researchers call Russian aggression a war for gender order, a gendered confrontation, because Moscow is fighting for so-called traditional values, which imply the triumph of patriarchal practices and the leveling of gender equality. Hostile propagandists depicts a dissolute and full of feminists, prostitutes and the emasculation of the “true male essence”. Ukraine, according to propagandists, was once part of the famous “Russian Gothic”, but, having become Europeanized, adopted the destructive practices of gender equality.

Read our study on the Russian dimension of Russian misogyny: The shell of a femina with black content. How Russian propaganda is trying to discredit Ukrainian women.

A video with the logo of the Polish newspaper Fakt is being distributed in Russian Telegram channels. It claims that the cousin of Ukrainian Deputy Defense Minister Dmytro Klimenkov ordered an elite car for the 777 Hypercar race in Poland for €7 million.

But the Polish edition of Fakt did not publish such a news story. This video is not on the official website of the Polish edition of Fakt, nor on its pages on Instagram, Facebook, X, TikTok and YouTube. Moreover, the newspaper did not publish any news about the 777 Hypercar at all - a search by keywords did not bring any results.

Ukrainian media have no news about the purchase, although corruption scandals usually receive publicity in society. This video is published only on Russian and pro-Russian resources.

The so-called investigations into the property of Ukrainian officials are turning into a systematic campaign to discredit them. In this way, propagandists or Moscow's protégés seek to portray Ukraine as a cradle of corruption schemes, which in the future may harm Ukraine's path to European integration. After all, the fight against corruption and its reduction is one of the main tasks of the state on the path to the European Union.

Here are some more cases that concerned the “taking possession” of real estate using “stolen funds”: how Zelenskyi allegedly bought the villa of Hitler’s propaganda minister Goebbels for 8 million euros; or how Zelenskyi’s mother-in-law bought a villa on the coast of Egypt using Western humanitarian aid to Ukraine.

A video is being circulated online in which a woman complains about a note in her son's diary: “Dress the children warmly! There is no heating at school!” The woman is outraged that she donated money for a generator, but the school still has no heating.

But it's fake. The video is probably a decree. In a number of cities, schools are already heated, and there is no need for generators yet, since there are no power outages.

Traditionally, the heating season in Ukraine starts in mid-October. However, the start of connecting heat in different cities may differ. The actual start date depends on weather conditions, as well as the readiness of the infrastructure. In particular, the heating period begins if the air temperature for 3 days is on average +8 degrees and below. However, social facilities, in particular educational institutions, are usually connected to heat earlier than residential buildings.

For example, by the end of October, heating of schools in a number of cities had already begun. In particular, in Kyiv, Lviv, Uzhhorod, Ternopil, Vinnytsia and other cities.

By spreading such a message, propagandists want to feed the narrative that Ukraine is allegedly uninhabitable due to the lack of electricity, high prices for utilities; or due to various diseases, pandemics that are spreading exclusively in Ukraine due to the war. In this way, the authors want to sow panic among Ukrainians in order to destabilize the mood and create a feeling that “nothing will change”.

Russian propaganda sources are distributing a fake video as if it were from the environmental organization Greenpeace. It talks about the pollution of the Dnipro, Dunai, and Southern Buh with “cadaveric poison” due to an alleged 12-fold increase in the number of burials since the start of the full-scale invasion. The video also notes “a potential threat to neighboring countries, primarily Poland and Romania”.

“Since 2022, Ukrainian cemeteries have begun burying soldiers who died in the conflict with Russia. Due to the “significant number of daily burials”, cemetery administrations have stopped observing sanitary standards”, they wrote in the fake video.

In fact, the information is false, and Greenpeace did not distribute such a video. As reported by StopFake, citing Ukrainian environmental safety expert Maksym Soroka, the term “cadaveric poison”, in the scientific community - “ptomaines”, is outdated and creates a false idea about the nature of this substance. You can get poisoned if, for example, you drink such water only in “large volumes”. Moreover, tap water is purified and disinfected before it goes directly to users. Therefore, botulism or staphylococcus bacteria, which reservoirs can be contaminated with, do not pose a threat to health in case of indirect consumption.

Thus, propagandists frighten Ukrainians with “inevitable consequences”, in particular for the environment, if the war continues. That is, they do everything to sow the idea, for example, of the need for negotiations with Russia. They explain this by saying that this is to stop the alleged hundreds of thousands of losses at the front. Or, so that “at least some conditions remain” for a safe life in Ukraine in the future.

Propagandists are spreading information in the media and social networks that a relative of the singer Shakira died in the Kursk region, fighting in the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. As evidence, they are spreading a video published by the Colombian publication El Espectador, which says that Shakira's relative joined the International Legion and allegedly died fighting in Ukraine. However, this is a fake.

Ukrinform writes about this. Their fact checkers found out that there is no such news on the official El Espectador resources, and their materials are generally published in Spanish, not in English, as stated in the fake video.

This fake is part of a larger disinformation campaign aimed at discrediting the Ukrainian army on the international stage by creating negative associations across cultures. As Latin America becomes an increasingly important political region for Russia, the spread of such fakes attempts to undermine support for Ukraine among Latin American communities by using recognizable names and absurd details to attract attention and sensationalism.